Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018 Jan;37(1):61-69. doi: 10.1002/etc.3850.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is reviewing the protectiveness of the national ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for aluminum (Al) and compiling a toxicity data set to update the WQC. Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, but little is known about their sensitivity to Al. The objective of the present study was to evaluate acute 96-h and chronic 28-d toxicity of Al to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and a commonly tested amphipod (Hyalella azteca) at a pH of 6 and water hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO . The acute 50% effect concentration (EC50) for survival of both species was >6200 μg total Al/L. The EC50 was greater than all acute values in the USEPA acute Al data set for freshwater species at a pH range of 5.0 to <6.5 and hardness normalized to 100 mg/L, indicating that the mussel and amphipod were insensitive to Al in acute exposures. The chronic 20% effect concentration (EC20) based on dry weight was 163 μg total Al/L for the mussel and 409 μg total Al/L for the amphipod. Addition of the EC20s to the USEPA chronic Al data set for pH 5.0 to <6.5 would rank the mussel (L. siliquoidea) as the fourth most sensitive species and the amphipod (H. azteca) as the fifth most sensitive species, indicating the 2 species were sensitive to Al in chronic exposures. The USEPA-proposed acute and chronic WQC for Al would adequately protect the mussel and amphipod tested; however, inclusion of the chronic data from the present study and recalculation of the chronic criterion would likely lower the proposed chronic criterion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:61-69. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
美国环境保护署（USEPA）正在审查国家环境水质标准（WQC）中铝（Al）的保护程度，并编制一套毒性数据集以更新 WQC。淡水贻贝是世界上受威胁最严重的动物之一，但对其铝敏感性知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估 pH 值为 6 和水硬度为 100mg/L（以 CaCO3计）条件下，铝对一种圆口铜鱼（Lampsilis siliquoidea）和一种常用的淡水桡足类（Hyalella azteca）的急性 96 小时和慢性 28 天毒性。两种物种的急性 50%效应浓度（EC50）的存活率均>6200μg 总 Al/L。EC50 大于 USEPA 在 pH 值范围为 5.0 至<6.5 以及硬度归一化为 100mg/L 的淡水物种急性 Al 数据集中的所有急性值，表明贻贝和桡足类对急性暴露中的铝不敏感。基于干重的慢性 20%效应浓度（EC20）分别为贻贝的 163μg 总 Al/L 和桡足类的 409μg 总 Al/L。将 EC20 添加到 USEPA 用于 pH 值为 5.0 至<6.5 的慢性 Al 数据集，将使圆口铜鱼（L. siliquoidea）列为第四种最敏感的物种，桡足类（H. azteca）列为第五种最敏感的物种，表明这两种物种在慢性暴露中对铝敏感。USEPA 提出的铝的急性和慢性 WQC 将充分保护所测试的贻贝和桡足类；然而，纳入本研究的慢性数据并重新计算慢性标准可能会降低拟议的慢性标准。Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:61-69。2017 年由 Wiley Periodicals Inc. 代表 SETAC 出版。本文是美国政府的作品，因此在美国境内属于公有领域。
