Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR26504, Patras, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece.
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR26504, Patras, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jun 15;216:183-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.083. Epub 2017 May 2.
Phenols are organic compounds with high antioxidant activity. Occurring mainly in plants, where they act as pigments or even as part of defense mechanisms against insects and herbivores. Given the positive impact on on human health, their isolation and purification from agricultural products is of particular interest for the production of nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetics supplements. In our study different materials rich in phenolic compounds were used, in order to separate the phenolic content and maximum condensation using physicochemical methods such as solvent extraction, filtration through membranes, adsorption/desorption on resins and vacuum distillation. The materials tested were solid wastes from winery, cocoa residuals, olive leaves, etc. The first step for the treatment was the extraction of phenolic content using water-ethanol solutions which was initially optimized. Then, sequential membrane filtration of the extracts by Ultrafiltration membranes, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis was performed to separate the contained compounds, based on their molecular weight. To remove non-polar compounds, with similar molecular weights with phenols, methods of adsorption/desorption on specific resins were developed, in order final ethanolic solutions rich in phenolic compounds to be obtained. Finally, the ethanol was removed by vacuum evaporation at low temperatures. The purification of olive leaf phenols is illustrated in details in the present work. The final obtained concentrate, was a rich phenolic concentrate and contained 98 g/L phenols in gallic acid equivalents. This technique, after modification, can be applied to a variety of phenol-rich byproducts, allowing the operation of phenol separation plant adjustable to local agricultural activities.
酚类是具有高抗氧化活性的有机化合物。它们主要存在于植物中，作为色素，甚至作为植物防御昆虫和草食动物侵害的一部分。鉴于它们对人类健康的积极影响，从农产品中分离和纯化酚类化合物对于生产营养、制药和化妆品补充剂具有特别的意义。在我们的研究中，使用了不同富含酚类化合物的材料，以便通过溶剂萃取、膜过滤、树脂吸附/解吸和真空蒸馏等物理化学方法分离酚类含量并实现最大程度的浓缩。测试的材料包括酿酒厂的固体废料、可可残渣、橄榄叶等。处理的第一步是使用水-乙醇溶液提取酚类含量，最初对其进行了优化。然后，通过超滤膜、纳滤和反渗透对提取物进行顺序膜过滤，根据其分子量分离所含化合物。为了去除与酚类具有相似分子量的非极性化合物，开发了特定树脂上的吸附/解吸方法，以获得最终富含酚类化合物的乙醇溶液。最后，通过低温真空蒸发去除乙醇。本工作详细说明了橄榄叶酚类的纯化过程。最终得到的浓缩物是一种富含酚类的浓缩物，以没食子酸当量计含有 98 g/L 的酚类化合物。经过修改，该技术可以应用于各种富含酚类的副产物，使酚类分离工厂的操作能够适应当地的农业活动。
