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Facial fractures caused by less-lethal rubber bullet weapons: case series report and literature review.

作者信息

Amaral Marcio Bruno Figueiredo, Bueno Sebastião Cristian, Abdala Icaro Buchholz, da Silveira Roger Lanes

机构信息

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 400, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.

Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Service, Santa Casa Saúde, Av. Francisco Sales, 1111, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-221, Brazil.

出版信息

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Sep;21(3):357-361. doi: 10.1007/s10006-017-0631-4. Epub 2017 May 5.

DOI:10.1007/s10006-017-0631-4
PMID:28477176
Abstract

PURPOSE

The present study aims to describe three cases of patients inflicted by rubber bullets with severe facial fractures.

METHODS

In addition, a review of English-language literature involving facial fractures by rubber bullets from 1975 to 2016 was performed.

RESULTS

This current study demonstrated that the use of the LLRBW is unsafety even when applied by police enforcements exclusively.

CONCLUSIONS

Management of facial fractures caused by LLRBW is done in a usual manner with closed or open reduction associated with bone mini-plates or reconstruction plates when indicated. Special initial wound care should be done to avoid secondary infection and additional procedures.

摘要

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本文引用的文献

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Severe facial rubber bullet injuries: less lethal but extremely harmful weapons.严重面部橡皮子弹伤：低致命性但极具危害性的武器。
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Injury pattern of the Flash-Ball, a less-lethal weapon used for law enforcement: report of two cases and review of the literature.
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Ballistic study of the SAPL GC27 gun: is it really "nonlethal"?SAPL GC27枪的弹道研究：它真的“非致命”吗？
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Suicide with "non-lethal" firearm.使用“非致命性”枪支自杀。
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Rubber and plastic ammunition lethal injuries: the Israeli experience.橡胶和塑料弹药造成的致命伤害：以色列的经验
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Plastic bullet injuries of the face and jaws.
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Injuries caused by rubber bullets: a report on 90 patients.
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