Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(2):1103-1112. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9097-z. Epub 2017 May 5.
This study investigates the removal of selected pharmaceuticals, as recalcitrant organic compounds, from synthetic wastewater using an electro-membrane bioreactor (eMBR). Diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and amoxicillin (AMX) were selected as representative drugs from three different therapeutic groups such as anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, and antibiotic, respectively. An environmentally relevant concentration (10 μg/L) of each compound was spiked into the synthetic wastewater, and then, the impact of appending electric field on the control of membrane fouling and the removal of conventional contaminants and pharmaceutical micropollutants were assessed. A conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated as a control test. A reduction of membrane fouling was observed in the eMBR with a 44% decrease of the fouling rate and a reduction of membrane fouling precursors. Humic substances (UV), ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), and orthophosphate (PO-P) showed in eMBR removal efficiencies up to 90.68 ± 4.37, 72.10 ± 13.06, and 100%, respectively, higher than those observed in the MBR. A reduction of DCF, CBZ, and AMX equal to 75.25 ± 8.79, 73.84 ± 9.24, and 72.12 ± 10.11%, respectively, was found in the eMBR due to the enhanced effects brought by electrochemical processes, such as electrocoagulation, electrophoresis, and electrooxidation.
本研究采用电膜生物反应器（eMBR）研究了从合成废水中去除难生物降解的有机化合物（如选择的药物）。选取三种不同治疗类别的代表性药物：抗炎药（双氯芬酸 DCF）、抗癫痫药（卡马西平 CBZ）和抗生素（阿莫西林 AMX）。将每种化合物的环境相关浓度（10μg/L）分别加入合成废水中，然后评估外加电场对控制膜污染和去除常规污染物和药物微污染物的影响。同时运行传统的膜生物反应器（MBR）作为对照试验。结果表明，eMBR 中观察到膜污染减少，其污垢速率降低了 44%，且减少了膜污染前体。eMBR 对腐殖质物质（UV）、氨氮（NH-N）和正磷酸盐（PO-P）的去除效率分别高达 90.68±4.37%、72.10±13.06%和 100%，高于 MBR 中的去除效率。由于电化学过程（如电凝聚、电泳和电氧化）的增强作用，在 eMBR 中观察到 DCF、CBZ 和 AMX 的去除率分别为 75.25±8.79%、73.84±9.24%和 72.12±10.11%。
