Zhang Ruilian, Andam Francis, Shi Guoqing
School of Public Administration, Hohai University, No. 8, Focheng West Road, 21100, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Jun;189(6):253. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-5967-6. Epub 2017 May 5.
Along with the further implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative and the promotion of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the construction of the CPEC will likely face challenges owing to differences between China and Pakistan in politics, economics, culture, religion, language, customs, environmental management systems, environmental protection laws, social management systems, and social management regulations. To address potential environmental and social risks associated with Chinese enterprises as they invest in the CPEC region, this paper examines previous studies addressing topics such as the environmental and social safeguards of international institutions and Pakistan's domestic environmental and social management requirements. We then systematically identify the environmental and social risk factors involved in CPEC construction, which cover risks regarding water, air, soil, noise, biodiversity, politics, economics, culture, technology, and individuals. By establishing and calculating these risks and using a multi-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, we found that noise and individual risks belong to a medium risk category, while others belong to a higher risk category. In view of these risks, the Chinese government must create a friendly and peaceful environment for Chinese enterprises to invest in the CPEC region, and Chinese enterprises must adopt a development strategy of strength and capacity building and establish enterprises capable of addressing environmental and social issues during the investment process. All stakeholders must understand that if no determined and diligent steps are taken, CPEC construction might be doomed for failure from the start.
随着“一带一路”倡议的深入实施以及中巴经济走廊（CPEC）的推进，由于中国和巴基斯坦在政治、经济、文化、宗教、语言、习俗、环境管理体系、环境保护法律、社会管理体系和社会管理法规等方面存在差异，中巴经济走廊的建设可能会面临挑战。为应对中国企业在投资中巴经济走廊地区时可能面临的环境和社会风险，本文审视了以往关于国际机构的环境和社会保障以及巴基斯坦国内环境和社会管理要求等主题的研究。然后，我们系统地识别了中巴经济走廊建设中涉及的环境和社会风险因素，这些因素涵盖水、空气、土壤、噪声、生物多样性、政治、经济、文化、技术和个人等方面的风险。通过对这些风险进行设定和计算，并使用多模糊综合评价模型，我们发现噪声和个人风险属于中等风险类别，而其他风险属于较高风险类别。鉴于这些风险，中国政府必须为中国企业在中巴经济走廊地区投资创造友好和平的环境，中国企业必须采取实力建设和能力建设的发展战略，并在投资过程中建立能够应对环境和社会问题的企业。所有利益相关者必须明白，如果不采取坚定和勤勉的措施，中巴经济走廊建设可能从一开始就注定要失败。
