Outcome of Allogeneic and Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas: A Retrospective Analysis From a Chinese Center.

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) often carry poor outcomes with conventional chemotherapy, and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can benefit patients with PTCL. We conducted a retrospective review of 67 patients with PTCL who underwent autologous HCT (autoHCT, n = 43; median age, 40 years) or allogeneic HCT (alloHCT, n = 24; median age, 36.5 years) from 2004 to 2016. With a median follow-up of 27 months, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of autoHCT patients were 49% and 57%, respectively. Among alloHCT recipients, the 5-year PFS and OS were 54% and 55%, respectively. When considering incidence of disease relapse or progression (CIR) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM), the 5-year CIR and 1-year NRM of alloHCT recipients were 38% and 18%, respectively, and 58% and 7% for autoHCT patients, respectively. There were no differences between autoHCT and alloHCT in 5-year PFS (P = .499), OS (P = .566), CIR (P = .555), and NRM (P = .202). When specifically examining recipients in primary refractory disease, 3-year PFS rates of autoHCT and alloHCT were 20% and 49% (P = .054); 3-year OS rates were 20% and 53% (P = .042), respectively. Based on these results, we favor proceeding to alloHCT in patients with PTCL in primary refractory disease.