Tao Hung-Lin, Michalopoulos Christos
Department of Economics,Soochow University,Taipei,Taiwan.
J Biosoc Sci. 2018 Mar;50(2):227-243. doi: 10.1017/S0021932017000141. Epub 2017 May 8.
A gender gap has been found in mathematics (boys outperform girls) that has prevailed across countries for many decades. Whether this gap results from nature or nurture has been hotly debated. Using the evidence of PISA 2003 and the gender equality index of 2003, some researchers have argued that an improvement in gender equality reduces the gender gap in mathematics. This study used five waves of country-level PISA data and, controlling for country fixed effects, found no evidence to support this argument. Furthermore, individual data for PISA 2012 and the multilevel data model were used. The conclusion drawn also does not support the argument. In fact, the relationship between gender equality and the gender gap in mathematics vanished after PISA 2003.
人们发现，在数学领域存在性别差距（男孩成绩优于女孩），且这种差距在许多国家已持续数十年。这种差距是由先天因素还是后天培养导致的，一直是激烈争论的话题。一些研究人员利用2003年国际学生评估项目（PISA）的证据以及2003年的性别平等指数，认为性别平等的改善会缩小数学领域的性别差距。本研究使用了五轮国家层面的PISA数据，并在控制国家固定效应的情况下，未发现支持这一观点的证据。此外，还使用了2012年PISA的个体数据和多层次数据模型。得出的结论也不支持这一观点。事实上，2003年PISA之后，性别平等与数学领域性别差距之间的关系就消失了。
