Ruotsalainen Pekka, Blobel Bernd
School of Information Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.
Medical Faculty, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;237:25-33.
Trust is a social code and glue between persons and organizations in any business domain including health. pHealth is a complex concept that is built around health service providers, individuals and artefacts such as sensors, mobile devices, networks, computers, and software applications. It has many stakeholders such as organizations, persons, patients, customers, and tele-operators. pHealth services are increasingly offered in insecure information space, and used over organizational, geographical and jurisdictional borders. This all means that trust is an essential requirement for successful pHealth services. To make pHealth a successful business, organizations offering pHealth services should establish inter-organizational trust and trusted relationship between their customers. Before starting to use services, the pHealth user should have a possibility to define how much it trusts on the service provider and on the surrounding information infrastructure. The authors' analysis show that trust models used in today's health care and e-commerce are insufficient for networked pHealth. Calculated trust as proposed by the authors is stronger than the predefined dispositional trust model currently used in health care, other's recommendations used in e-commerce and risk assessment. Until now, caused by the lack of business incentive, lack of regulatory and political pressure, pHealth providers have not demonstrated meaningful interest in moving from the current unsatisfactory situation to trust calculation by making information necessary for this methodology available. To make pHealth successful, a combination of legal, political, organizational, technological and educational efforts is needed to initiate the paradigm change and start the era of trust-based pHealth services.
信任是包括医疗领域在内的任何商业领域中人与人、组织与组织之间的一种社会准则和黏合剂。移动健康(pHealth)是一个复杂的概念,它围绕着医疗服务提供者、个人以及诸如传感器、移动设备、网络、计算机和软件应用程序等人工制品构建而成。它有许多利益相关者,如组织、个人、患者、客户和远程运营商。移动健康服务越来越多地在不安全的信息空间中提供,并跨越组织、地理和管辖边界使用。这一切都意味着信任是移动健康服务成功的一项基本要求。为了使移动健康成为一项成功的业务,提供移动健康服务的组织应该在其客户之间建立组织间信任和可信赖的关系。在开始使用服务之前,移动健康用户应该有可能定义其对服务提供商和周围信息基础设施的信任程度。作者的分析表明,当今医疗保健和电子商务中使用的信任模型不足以适用于网络化的移动健康。作者提出的计算信任比目前医疗保健中使用的预定义性格信任模型、电子商务中使用的他人建议和风险评估更强。到目前为止,由于缺乏商业激励、缺乏监管和政治压力,移动健康服务提供商尚未表现出从当前不尽人意的状况转向通过提供这种方法所需的信息来进行信任计算的有意义的兴趣。为了使移动健康取得成功,需要综合法律、政治、组织、技术和教育方面的努力来启动范式转变,并开启基于信任的移动健康服务时代。