Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences (ITC), Tampere University, Finland.
Medical Faculty, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2022 Nov 3;299:104-117. doi: 10.3233/SHTI220968.
From beginning to today, pHealth has been a data driven service that collects and uses personal health information (PHI) for personal health services and personalized healthcare. As a result, pHealth services use intensively ICT technology, sensors, computers and mathematical algorithms. In past, pHealth applications were focused to certain health or sickness related problem, but in today they use mobile devices, wireless networks, Web-technology and Cloud platforms. In future, pHealth uses information systems that are highly distributed, dynamic, increasingly autonomous, multi-stakeholder data driven eco-system having ability to monitor anywhere person's regular life, movements and health related behaviours. Because privacy and trust are pre-requirements for successful pHealth, this development raises huge privacy and trust challenges to be solved. Researchers have shown that current privacy approaches and solutions used in pHealth do not offer acceptable level of privacy, and trust is only an illusion. This indicates, that today's privacy models and technology shall not be moved to the future pHealth. The authors have analysed interesting new privacy and trust ideas published in journals, and found that they seem to be effective but offer only a partial solution. To solve this weakness, the authors used a holistic system view to aspects impacting privacy and trust in pHealth, and created a template that can be used in planning and development future pHealth services. The authors also propose a tentative solution for future trustworthy pHealth. It combines privacy as personal property and trust as legal binding fiducial duty approaches, and uses a Blockchain-based smart contract solution to store person's privacy and trust requirements and service providers' promises.
从一开始到今天,pHealth 一直是一个数据驱动的服务,它收集和使用个人健康信息 (PHI) 来提供个人健康服务和个性化医疗保健。因此,pHealth 服务大量使用 ICT 技术、传感器、计算机和数学算法。过去,pHealth 应用程序专注于某些与健康或疾病相关的问题,但如今它们使用移动设备、无线网络、Web 技术和云平台。在未来,pHealth 使用高度分布式、动态、日益自主、多利益相关者的数据驱动生态系统的信息系统,能够监测任何人的日常生活、运动和健康相关行为。由于隐私和信任是成功的 pHealth 的前提要求,因此这种发展给隐私和信任带来了巨大的挑战。研究人员表明,当前在 pHealth 中使用的隐私方法和解决方案并不能提供可接受的隐私水平,信任只是一种幻觉。这表明,当今的隐私模型和技术不应被迁移到未来的 pHealth。作者分析了期刊中发表的有趣的新隐私和信任思想,并发现它们似乎是有效的,但只提供了部分解决方案。为了解决这一弱点,作者采用了整体系统视角来分析影响 pHealth 中的隐私和信任的各个方面,并创建了一个模板,可用于规划和开发未来的 pHealth 服务。作者还为未来值得信赖的 pHealth 提出了一个初步的解决方案。它将隐私视为个人财产,将信任视为法律约束的信托责任方法,并使用基于区块链的智能合约解决方案来存储个人的隐私和信任要求以及服务提供商的承诺。