Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;599-600:400-412. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.195. Epub 2017 May 5.
The temporal variations (diurnal and seasonal) of the optical properties and direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) of different aerosol components (water-soluble, insoluble, black carbon (BC), and sea-salt) were analyzed using the hourly resolution data (PM) measured at an urban site in Seoul, Korea during 2010, based on a modeling approach. In general, the water-soluble component was predominant over all other components (with a higher concentration) in terms of its impact on the optical properties (except for absorbing BC) and DARF. The annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ) at 500nm for the water-soluble component was 0.38±0.07 (0.06±0.01 for BC). The forcing at the surface (DARF) and top of the atmosphere (DARF), and in the atmosphere (DARF) for most aerosol components (except for BC) during the daytime were highest in spring and lowest in late fall or early winter. The maximum DARF occurred in the morning during most seasons (except for the water-soluble components showing peaks in the afternoon or noon in summer, fall, or winter), while the maximum DARF occurred in the morning during spring and/or winter and in the afternoon during summer and/or fall. The estimated DARF and DARF of the water-soluble component were in the range of -49 to -84Wm and +10 to +22Wm, respectively. The DARF and DARF of BC were -26 to -39Wm and +32 to +51Wm, respectively, showing highest in summer and lowest in spring, with morning peaks regardless of the season. This positive DARF of BC in this study area accounted for approximately 64% of the total atmospheric aerosol forcing due to strong radiative absorption, thus increasing atmospheric heating by 2.9±1.2Kday (heating rate efficiency of 39K dayτ) and then causing further atmospheric warming.
利用 2010 年在韩国首尔一个城市站点每小时分辨率的（PM）数据（基于建模方法），分析了不同气溶胶成分（水溶性、不溶性、黑碳（BC）和海盐）的光学特性和直接气溶胶辐射强迫（DARF）的时间变化（日变化和季节变化）。一般来说，就其对光学特性（除吸收性 BC 外）和 DARF 的影响而言，水溶性成分比其他所有成分（浓度更高）都更为重要。水溶性成分在 500nm 处的年平均气溶胶光学深度（AOD，τ）为 0.38±0.07（BC 为 0.06±0.01）。在白天，除 BC 之外的大多数气溶胶成分的地表（DARF）、大气顶（DARF）和大气中（DARF）强迫在春季最高，在晚秋或初冬最低。在大多数季节中，最大的 DARF 出现在早晨（水溶性成分在夏季、秋季或冬季的下午或中午出现峰值），而在春季和/或冬季和夏季和/或秋季的下午最大的 DARF 出现。估计的 DARF 和水溶性成分的 DARF 分别在-49 到-84Wm 和+10 到+22Wm 之间。BC 的 DARF 和 DARF 分别为-26 到-39Wm 和+32 到+51Wm，夏季最高，春季最低，无论季节如何，早晨都出现峰值。由于强辐射吸收，本研究区域的 BC 的正 DARF 约占大气气溶胶强迫的 64%，从而使大气升温 2.9±1.2Kday（升温效率为 39K dayτ），进而导致进一步的大气变暖。
