Kitamura Takashi
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Neurosci Res. 2017 Aug;121:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 May 5.
Episodic memories shape future behaviour and by aiding adaptive behaviour, are therefore important for survival in nature. Entorhinal cortex (EC)-hippocampal (HPC) networks have a crucial role in the formation of episodic memory, which consists of associations of space, objects, individuals and time. Neural circuits have been identified in the EC-HPC networks that provide spatial, contextual and object information. However, the specific neural circuits that allow animals to associate two temporally segregated events, called temporal association learning, are still nebulous. In this review, I will review recent experimental evidence concerning the role of the EC in temporal association learning, with an emphasis on the neural circuits functioning to drive and regulate the temporal associations between events, and focusing on the trace fear conditioning paradigm in rodents. Then, I will discuss hippocampal activity during the trace periods that may bridge the temporal gap in memory for discontinuous events. Finally, I examine the role of the prefrontal cortex as a central executive system to track and extract predictive relationships between events by the coordination of the EC-HPC network.
情景记忆塑造未来行为，通过辅助适应性行为，因此对在自然界中的生存很重要。内嗅皮层（EC）-海马体（HPC）网络在情景记忆的形成中起关键作用，情景记忆由空间、物体、个体和时间的关联组成。已在内嗅皮层-海马体网络中识别出提供空间、情境和物体信息的神经回路。然而，允许动物将两个时间上分离的事件联系起来的特定神经回路，即时间关联学习，仍然不清楚。在这篇综述中，我将回顾最近关于内嗅皮层在时间关联学习中作用的实验证据，重点关注驱动和调节事件之间时间关联的神经回路功能，并聚焦于啮齿动物的痕迹恐惧条件反射范式。然后，我将讨论痕迹期海马体的活动，它可能弥合不连续事件记忆中的时间间隙。最后，我研究前额叶皮层作为一个中央执行系统，通过协调内嗅皮层-海马体网络来追踪和提取事件之间预测关系的作用。
