Abbas Tasawar, Zahir Zahir Ahmad, Naveed Muhammad, Aslam Zubair
Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jun;24(17):14934-14944. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9144-9. Epub 2017 May 8.
Conventional weed management systems have produced many harmful effects on weed ecology, human health and environment. Biological control of invasive weeds may be helpful to minimize these harmful effects and economic losses incurred to crops by weeds. In our earlier studies, plant antagonistic bacteria were obtained after screening a large number of rhizobacteria for production of phytotoxic substances and effects on wheat and its associated weeds under laboratory conditions. In this study, five efficient strains inhibitory to broad-leaved dock and non-inhibitory to wheat were selected and applied to broad-leaved dock co-seeded with wheat both in pot trial and chronically infested field trial. Effects of plant antagonistic bacteria on the weed and infested wheat were studied at tillering, booting and harvesting stage of wheat. The applied strains significantly inhibited the germination and growth of the weed to variable extent. Similarly, variable recovery in losses of grain and straw yield of infested wheat from 11.6 to 68 and 13 to 72.6% was obtained in pot trial while from 17.3 to 62.9 and 22.4 to 71.3% was obtained in field trial, respectively. Effects of plant antagonistic bacteria were also evident from the improvement in physiology and nutrient contents of infested wheat. This study suggests the use of these plant antagonistic bacteria to biologically control infestation of broad-leaved dock in wheat under field conditions.
传统的杂草管理系统已经对杂草生态、人类健康和环境产生了许多有害影响。对入侵杂草进行生物防治可能有助于将这些有害影响以及杂草给作物造成的经济损失降至最低。在我们早期的研究中，通过在实验室条件下筛选大量根际细菌，以获取具有植物毒性物质产生能力以及对小麦及其伴生杂草有影响的植物拮抗细菌。在本研究中，选择了五株对阔叶酸模有抑制作用且对小麦无抑制作用的高效菌株，并将其应用于与小麦混播的阔叶酸模盆栽试验和长期受其侵害的田间试验中。在小麦的分蘖期、孕穗期和收获期研究了植物拮抗细菌对杂草和受侵害小麦的影响。所施用的菌株在不同程度上显著抑制了杂草的萌发和生长。同样，在盆栽试验中，受侵害小麦的籽粒和秸秆产量损失得到了不同程度的恢复，恢复率从11.6%到68%，秸秆产量从13%到72.6%；而在田间试验中，恢复率分别从17.3%到62.9%，秸秆产量从22.4%到71.3%。植物拮抗细菌对受侵害小麦的生理和养分含量的改善也有明显效果。本研究表明，在田间条件下，可利用这些植物拮抗细菌对小麦中的阔叶酸模进行生物防治。
