Ullenhag Gustav, Hansson Johan, Ny Lars
Institutionen för immunologi genetik och patologi - Uppsala universitet Uppsala, Sweden Uppsala Universitet Institutionen för Immunologi Genetik och Patolog - Oncology Uppsala, Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet - institutionen för lärande, informatik, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institutet - institutionen för lärande, informatik, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lakartidningen. 2017 May 9;114:ELM9.
Great advances in the systemic treatment in malignant melanoma patients Up until a few years ago there was no systemic treatment with the capacity to prolong overall survival for patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Several new treatments have been established in clinical practice in recent years and they belong to two main groups; checkpoint inhibitors and inhibitors of an intracellular pathway (MAP kinase). The latter drugs are only active in melanomas with an activating BRAF mutation, which is present in half of the patients. Side effect management is important and in particular for the checkpoint inhibitors, which activate the immune system and frequently provoke immune related reactions. The introduction of these new treatments has substantially improved prognosis and some patients might even be cured. Based on ongoing research, more therapeutic breakthroughs can be anticipated in the years to come.
恶性黑色素瘤患者全身治疗取得重大进展 直到几年前，还没有能够延长晚期恶性黑色素瘤患者总生存期的全身治疗方法。近年来，临床实践中确立了几种新的治疗方法，它们主要分为两大类：检查点抑制剂和细胞内信号通路（MAP激酶）抑制剂。后一类药物仅对具有BRAF激活突变的黑色素瘤有效，这类突变见于半数患者。副作用管理很重要，尤其是对于检查点抑制剂而言，因为它们会激活免疫系统并经常引发免疫相关反应。这些新治疗方法的引入显著改善了预后，一些患者甚至可能被治愈。基于正在进行的研究，预计未来几年会有更多治疗突破。
