Reigstad Bjørn, Kvernmo Siv
a Department of Research, Division of Research and Patient Safety , Nordlandssykehuset , Bodø , Norway.
b Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2017 Aug;71(6):425-432. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1315175. Epub 2017 May 9.
Little is known about connections between adolescent suicide attempts (SA) and concurrent adversities.
In a cross-sectional study, the authors wanted to investigate prevalences, additive effects of adversities, family and peer relations, gender, divorce and poverty, and ethnic differences between Sami and non-Sami youth.
In an adolescent community population encompassing 4881 adolescents of 15-16 years of age, youth with and without self-reports of attempted suicide the last year were compared on 12 concurrent adversities, on scales assessing family and peer functioning, and on sociodemographic variables.
The prevalence of attempted suicide the last year was 5.3%, and more girls (8.8%) than boys (1.8%). All 12 concurrent adversities were strongly related to SA. The suicide attempters reported two and a half times as many adversities as non-attempters. A strong multiple additive relationship was found. Multivariately, among boys, the strongest risk factors were suicide among friends (OR = 9.4), and suicide in the family or in the neighbourhood (OR = 4.8). Among girls, sexual abuse (OR = 5.2) and parent mental problems (OR = 4.6) were strongest related to SA. Suicide attempters reported more divorce and poverty, more conflicts with parents, and less family support and involvement. Totally, Sami youth reported more SA and more concurrent adversities than non-Sami peers.
Adolescent suicide attempters are heavily burdened with concurrent adversities. Clinicians should be aware of gender differences in risk factors, and should ask about abuse and suicide or attempts among relatives and peers. A family perspective in clinical work is needed.
对于青少年自杀未遂（SA）与同时存在的逆境之间的联系知之甚少。
在一项横断面研究中，作者希望调查自杀未遂的发生率、逆境的累加效应、家庭和同伴关系、性别、离婚和贫困情况，以及萨米族和非萨米族青少年之间的种族差异。
在一个包含4881名15 - 16岁青少年的社区人群中，比较了过去一年有或无自杀未遂自我报告的青少年在12种同时存在的逆境、评估家庭和同伴功能的量表以及社会人口统计学变量方面的情况。
过去一年自杀未遂的发生率为5.3%，女孩（8.8%）比男孩（1.8%）更多。所有12种同时存在的逆境都与自杀未遂密切相关。自杀未遂者报告的逆境数量是非自杀未遂者的两倍半。发现了一种强烈的多重累加关系。多变量分析中，在男孩中，最强的风险因素是朋友自杀（OR = 9.4）以及家庭或邻里中有自杀事件（OR = 4.8）。在女孩中，性虐待（OR = 5.2）和父母精神问题（OR = 4.6）与自杀未遂的关联最为紧密。自杀未遂者报告了更多的离婚和贫困情况，与父母的冲突更多，家庭支持和参与更少。总体而言，萨米族青少年报告的自杀未遂情况和同时存在的逆境比非萨米族同龄人更多。
青少年自杀未遂者承受着同时存在的逆境带来的沉重负担。临床医生应意识到风险因素中的性别差异，并应询问关于亲属和同伴中的虐待及自杀或自杀未遂情况。临床工作中需要从家庭角度进行考量。
