Department of Suicide Research and Prevention, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
Crisis. 2010;31(5):255-64. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000030.
There are presently few international studies that examine adolescents' own experience of both triggering and the underlying reasons behind their suicide attempts.
To present the rates, triggering factors, and underlying reasons for such behavior.
The 23-year (1984-2006) surveillance study reported includes all general hospital-treated suicide attempters aged between 13 and 19 years (n = 254) living in the municipality of Bærum, a suburb on the outskirts of Oslo, Norway.
Suicide attempt rates for both sexes decreased during the period of study. The female suicide attempt rate was on average 3.5 times higher than the male rate. An average of 8.2% of the suicide attempters made a repeat attempt within the following year. Overall, the most commonly reported trigger was a relational conflict (50.2%), and the most commonly reported underlying reason was a dysfunctional family situation (43.6%), followed by mental health problems (22.8%). The main gender difference for both triggers and underlying reasons was that relational conflicts were reported significantly more often by girls than by boys as triggers (55.0% versus 32.7%), and dysfunctional family issues were reported significantly more often by girls than by boys (47.1% versus 30.8%) as underlying reasons for the attempt. Mental health problems were reported less frequently as an underlying reason by girls than boys (21.2% versus 28.8%).
A family-oriented intervention embracing the extended family system seems warranted in a majority of the cases in our study.
目前很少有国际研究探讨青少年自身对自杀未遂的触发因素和潜在原因的体验。
呈现这些行为的发生率、触发因素和潜在原因。
本研究报告了一项为期 23 年（1984-2006 年）的监测研究，包括挪威奥斯陆郊区卑尔根市所有在综合医院接受治疗的 13 至 19 岁自杀未遂者（n=254）。
在研究期间，男女自杀未遂率均有所下降。女性自杀未遂率平均是男性的 3.5 倍。平均有 8.2%的自杀未遂者在接下来的一年内再次尝试自杀。总体而言，最常报告的触发因素是人际关系冲突（50.2%），最常报告的潜在原因是功能失调的家庭状况（43.6%），其次是心理健康问题（22.8%）。触发因素和潜在原因的主要性别差异在于，女孩比男孩更常报告人际关系冲突作为触发因素（55.0%比 32.7%），女孩比男孩更常报告功能失调的家庭问题作为尝试自杀的潜在原因（47.1%比 30.8%）。女孩比男孩更少报告心理健康问题作为潜在原因（21.2%比 28.8%）。
在我们的研究中，大多数情况下，需要采取以家庭为导向的干预措施，涵盖扩展家庭系统。
