Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services (VPZ), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Jun;57(4):1667-1675. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1453-8. Epub 2017 May 9.
To get insight in the impact of fish and fat intake in the prevention of accelerated cognitive decline with ageing, we tested associations between fish and different fat intakes and 5-year change in cognitive functions.
In 2612 men and women of the Doetinchem Cohort Study, aged 43-70 years at baseline, dietary intake (including fish consumption) and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Average fish consumption (frequency) and intakes (as energy percentages) of total fat, saturated, mono unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and a-linolenic acid (ALA), and cholesterol were averaged over baseline and follow-up. Intakes were studied in relation to 5-year change in global cognitive function, memory, information processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, using ANCOVA and multivariate linear regression analyses.
No consistent association between (fatty) fish consumption and cognitive decline was observed. Higher cholesterol intake was associated with faster cognitive decline (p < 0.05). Higher n-3 PUFA (especially ALA) intake was associated with slower decline in global cognitive function and memory (p < 0.01). Intakes of other fatty acids were not associated with cognitive decline.
Higher cholesterol intake was detrimental, while higher ALA intake was beneficial for maintaining cognitive function with ageing, already at middle age.
为了深入了解鱼类和脂肪摄入对预防与年龄相关的认知能力加速下降的影响，我们测试了鱼类和不同脂肪摄入量与认知功能 5 年变化之间的关联。
在 2612 名年龄在 43-70 岁的多丁岑队列研究的男性和女性中，在基线时评估了饮食摄入（包括鱼类摄入量）和认知功能，并在 5 年随访时进行了评估。平均鱼类摄入量（频率）和总脂肪、饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪（PUFA）、亚油酸、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和α-亚麻酸（ALA）以及胆固醇的摄入量（以能量百分比表示）在基线和随访期间进行了平均。使用方差分析和多元线性回归分析，研究了摄入量与全球认知功能、记忆、信息处理速度和认知灵活性 5 年变化的关系。
未观察到（多脂）鱼类摄入量与认知能力下降之间存在一致的关联。较高的胆固醇摄入量与认知能力下降较快有关（p<0.05）。较高的 n-3 PUFA（特别是 ALA）摄入量与全球认知功能和记忆的下降较慢有关（p<0.01）。其他脂肪酸的摄入量与认知能力下降无关。
较高的胆固醇摄入量有害，而较高的 ALA 摄入量有益于中年人保持认知功能随年龄的增长而下降。
