National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Apr;54:30-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.068. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
The fish ingredient N3-docosahexaenoic acid 22:6 n-3 (DHA) stimulates brain development. On the other hand methylmercury (MeHg) in fish disturbs the developing central nervous system. In this Context the IQ score in children is considered as an aggregate measure of in utero brain development. To determine the effect of DHA exposure on prenatal neurodevelopment the maternal DHA intake during pregnancy was compared with its epidemiologically observed effect on the IQ score of children. For MeHg the maternal intake was converted into its accumulation in the maternal body. The maternal body burden then was compared with its epidemiologically observed relationship with the IQ score. Taking the MeHg and DHA content of 33 fish species the net effect of these compounds on the IQ score was quantified. For most fish species the adverse effect of MeHg on the IQ score exceeded the beneficial effect of DHA. In the case of long-living predators a negative effect up to 10 points on the IQ score was found. The results of this study indicate that food interventions aiming at the beneficial effects of fish consumption should focus on fish species with a high DHA content, while avoiding fish species with a high MeHg content.
鱼类成分 N3-二十二碳六烯酸 22:6n-3（DHA）可刺激大脑发育。另一方面，鱼类中的甲基汞（MeHg）会干扰正在发育的中枢神经系统。在这种情况下，儿童的智商分数被认为是衡量胎儿大脑发育的综合指标。为了确定 DHA 暴露对产前神经发育的影响，比较了孕妇在怀孕期间的 DHA 摄入量与其对儿童智商分数的流行病学观察效果。对于 MeHg，将母体摄入量转化为其在母体体内的积累。然后将母体的负担与流行病学观察到的与智商分数的关系进行比较。考虑到 33 种鱼类的 MeHg 和 DHA 含量，定量了这些化合物对智商分数的净效应。对于大多数鱼类，MeHg 对智商分数的不利影响超过了 DHA 的有益影响。在长寿掠食者的情况下，智商分数发现了高达 10 分的负面影响。这项研究的结果表明，旨在利用鱼类消费有益影响的饮食干预措施应侧重于 DHA 含量高的鱼类，同时避免 MeHg 含量高的鱼类。
