Mizumoto Nobuaki, Abe Masato S, Dobata Shigeto
Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
J R Soc Interface. 2017 May;14(130). doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0086.
All organisms with sexual reproduction undergo a process of mating, which essentially involves the encounter of two individuals belonging to different sexes. During mate search, both sexes should mutually optimize their encounters, thus raising a question of how they achieve this. Here, we show that a population with sexually dimorphic movement patterns achieves the highest individual mating success under a limited lifespan. Extensive simulations found and analytical approximations corroborated the existence of conditions under which sexual dimorphism in the movement patterns (i.e. how diffusively they move) is advantageous over sexual monomorphism. Mutual searchers with limited lifespans need to balance the speed and accuracy of finding their mates, and dimorphic movements can solve this trade-off. We further demonstrate that the sexual dimorphism can evolve from an initial sexually monomorphic population. Our results emphasize the importance of considering mutual optimization in problems of random search.
所有进行有性繁殖的生物都会经历交配过程，这本质上涉及到两个不同性别的个体相遇。在寻找配偶的过程中，两性都应该相互优化他们的相遇，从而引出一个问题，即它们是如何做到这一点的。在这里，我们表明，具有两性异形运动模式的种群在有限寿命下能实现最高的个体交配成功率。广泛的模拟发现并通过解析近似证实了这样一些条件的存在，在这些条件下，运动模式的两性异形（即它们扩散移动的方式）比两性同形更具优势。寿命有限的相互寻找者需要在找到配偶的速度和准确性之间取得平衡，而两性异形运动可以解决这种权衡。我们进一步证明，两性异形可以从最初的两性同形种群进化而来。我们的结果强调了在随机搜索问题中考虑相互优化的重要性。
