Stojanovic Borko, Bizic Marta, Bencic Marko, Kojovic Vladimir, Majstorovic Marko, Jeftovic Milos, Stanojevic Dusan, Djordjevic Miroslav L
University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
J Sex Med. 2017 May;14(5):741-746. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.03.256.
BACKGROUND: Female-to-male gender-confirmation surgery (GCS) includes removal of breasts and female genitalia and complete genital and urethral reconstruction. With a multidisciplinary approach, these procedures can be performed in one stage, avoiding multistage operations. AIM: To present our results of one-stage sex-reassignment surgery in female-to-male transsexuals and to emphasize the advantages of single-stage over multistage surgery. METHODS: During a period of 9 years (2007-2016), 473 patients (mean age = 31.5 years) underwent metoidioplasty. Of these, 137 (29%) underwent simultaneous hysterectomy, and 79 (16.7%) underwent one-stage GCS consisting of chest masculinization, total transvaginal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, vaginectomy, metoidioplasty, urethral lengthening, scrotoplasty, and implantation of bilateral testicular prostheses. All surgeries were performed simultaneously by teams of experienced gynecologic and gender surgeons. OUTCOMES: Primary outcome measurements were surgical time, length of hospital stay, and complication and reoperation rates compared with other published data and in relation to the number of stages needed to complete GCS. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 44 months (range = 10-92). Mean surgery time was 270 minutes (range = 215-325). Postoperative hospital stay was 3 to 6 days (mean = 4). Complications occurred in 20 patients (25.3%). Six patients (7.6%) had complications related to mastectomy, and one patient underwent revision surgery because of a breast hematoma. Two patients underwent conversion of transvaginal hysterectomy to an abdominal approach, and subcutaneous perineal cyst, as a consequence of colpocleisis, occurred in nine patients. There were eight complications (10%) from urethroplasty, including four fistulas, three strictures, and one diverticulum. Testicular implant rejection occurred in two patients and testicular implant displacement occurred in one patient. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Female-to-male transsexuals can undergo complete GCS, including mastectomy, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, vaginectomy, and metoidioplasty with urethral reconstruction as a one-stage procedure without increased surgical risks and complication rates. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort on this topic so far, with good surgical outcomes. Limitations include lack of selection or exclusion criteria and lack of other studies with a simple approach. For this reason, the technique should be studied further and compared with other techniques for female-to-male surgery before it can be recommended as an alternative procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Through a multidisciplinary approach of experienced teams, one-stage GCS presents a safe, viable, and time- and cost-saving procedure. Complication rates do not differ from reported rates in multistage surgeries. Stojanovic B, Bizic M, Bencic M, et al. One-Stage Gender-Confirmation Surgery as a Viable Surgical Procedure for Female-to-Male Transsexuals. J Sex Med 2017;14:741-746.
背景:女性变男性性别确认手术(GCS)包括切除乳房和女性生殖器,并进行完全的生殖器和尿道重建。采用多学科方法,这些手术可以在一个阶段完成,避免了多阶段手术。 目的:介绍我们在女性变男性的变性者中进行单阶段性别重置手术的结果,并强调单阶段手术相对于多阶段手术的优势。 方法:在9年期间(2007 - 2016年),473例患者(平均年龄 = 31.5岁)接受了阴蒂成形术。其中,137例(29%)同时进行了子宫切除术,79例(16.7%)接受了单阶段GCS,包括胸部男性化、经阴道全子宫切除术加双侧附件切除术、阴道切除术、阴蒂成形术、尿道延长术、阴囊成形术以及双侧睾丸假体植入。所有手术均由经验丰富的妇科和性别外科医生团队同时进行。 结果:主要结局指标为手术时间、住院时间、并发症和再次手术率,并与其他已发表的数据以及完成GCS所需的阶段数进行比较。 结果:平均随访时间为44个月(范围 = 10 - 92个月)。平均手术时间为270分钟(范围 = 215 - 325分钟)。术后住院时间为3至6天(平均 = 4天)。20例患者(25.3%)出现并发症。6例患者(7.6%)出现与乳房切除术相关的并发症,1例患者因乳房血肿接受了修复手术。2例患者经阴道子宫切除术转为经腹手术,9例患者因阴道闭合术出现皮下会阴囊肿。尿道成形术出现8例并发症(10%),包括4例瘘管、3例狭窄和1例憩室。2例患者出现睾丸假体排斥反应,1例患者出现睾丸假体移位。 临床意义:女性变男性的变性者可以接受包括乳房切除术、子宫切除术、卵巢切除术、阴道切除术和阴蒂成形术加尿道重建的完全GCS,作为一个阶段的手术,而不会增加手术风险和并发症发生率。 优点和局限性:据我们所知,这是迄今为止关于该主题的最大队列,手术效果良好。局限性包括缺乏选择或排除标准,以及缺乏采用简单方法的其他研究。因此,在推荐该技术作为替代手术之前,应进一步研究并与其他女性变男性手术技术进行比较。 结论:通过经验丰富的团队采用多学科方法,单阶段GCS是一种安全、可行且节省时间和成本的手术。并发症发生率与多阶段手术报道的发生率无差异。斯托亚诺维奇B、比齐克M、本西奇M等。单阶段性别确认手术作为女性变男性变性者可行的手术方法。《性医学杂志》2017年;14:741 - 746。
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