Goetz C G
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, 1725, W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2017 Dec;173(10):628-636. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 May 10.
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was the preeminent neurologist of the nineteenth century. Several of his major contributions remain fully relevant to contemporary neurology, and this essay highlights three areas of particular importance to the modern neurologist: the anatomo-clinical method that Charcot developed as the anchor of neurological study; the integration of new scientific discoveries from other fields as a core strategy for neurological advancement; and the role of heredity as the fundamental etiological focus to the understanding of the pathogenesis of primary neurological disorders. Further, Charcot left a strong tradition of visual skills as the core requirement for accurate neurological diagnosis and emphasized scientific humility in the face of difficult diseases. In spite of vast advances in neuroscience over the 20th and 21st centuries, the challenges faced by Charcot remain largely the same for the contemporary neurologist, and the lessons provided by Charcot retain their power and significance today.
让-马丁·沙尔科（1825 - 1893）是19世纪杰出的神经学家。他的几项重大贡献在当代神经学中仍然具有充分的相关性，本文重点介绍对现代神经学家特别重要的三个领域：沙尔科发展的解剖-临床方法，这是神经学研究的基石；将其他领域的新科学发现整合为神经学进步的核心策略；以及遗传作为理解原发性神经疾病发病机制的基本病因重点所起的作用。此外，沙尔科留下了以视觉技能为准确神经学诊断核心要求的强大传统，并强调面对疑难疾病时要有科学的谦逊态度。尽管在20世纪和21世纪神经科学取得了巨大进展，但当代神经学家面临的挑战与沙尔科所面临的挑战在很大程度上仍然相同，沙尔科提供的经验教训在今天仍然具有影响力和重要意义。
