Meller César, Aiello Horacio, Otaño Lucas
Obstetrics Division, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Potosí 4135, C1199ACI, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2017 Jul;33(7):1101-1106. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3443-9. Epub 2017 May 16.
In the beginnings, sonographic diagnosis of open spina bifida (OSB) relied on the meticulous scanning of the fetal vertebrae for abnormalities but many defects were missed. After the mid-1980s, however, with the description of the intracranial findings in the second trimester (the "lemon sign" and the "banana sign"), the prenatal diagnosis of OSB was enhanced. In the last 2 decades, there has been widespread uptake of routine ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy with the purpose of the measurement of fetal crown-rump length to determine gestational age, to screen for trisomy 21 and other aneuploidies, mainly with the nuchal translucency, and for diagnosis of many major abnormalities. Many papers were published focusing on early diagnosis of myelomeningocele (MMC), and the objective of this review is to summarize the different techniques described regarding prenatal diagnosis of OSB in the first trimester of pregnancy.
起初，开放性脊柱裂（OSB）的超声诊断依赖于对胎儿脊椎进行细致扫描以发现异常，但许多缺陷被漏诊。然而，在20世纪80年代中期之后，随着孕中期颅内表现（“柠檬征”和“香蕉征”）的描述，OSB的产前诊断得到了改善。在过去20年里，妊娠早期常规超声检查已广泛开展，目的是测量胎儿头臀长度以确定孕周、筛查21三体综合征及其他非整倍体，主要通过颈部透明带测量，以及诊断许多重大异常。发表了许多聚焦于脊髓脊膜膨出（MMC）早期诊断的论文，本综述的目的是总结关于妊娠早期OSB产前诊断所描述的不同技术。
