Zeng Q, Wang X, Tang H J, Liu J, Zhang M
Tianijn Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2017 Mar 20;35(3):185-188. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.03.006.
To provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control measures of acute and chronic occupational poisoning by analyzing the epidemiological and occupational characteristics of occupational chemical poisoning cases reported in Tianjin city during 20062015. In September 2016, based on the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, a database of occupational poisoning cases in Tianjin from 2006 to 2015 was established. The epidemiological characteristics of occupational poisoning were analyzed including three distributions firstly, and then the occupational characteristics were analyzed such as length of service, industry distribution and source of poison. There were 174 occupational poisoning patients in Tianjin from 2006 to 2015, including 16 cases of acute poisoning (9.20%) and 158 cases of chronic poisoning (90.8%) , and the proportion of occupational poisoning cases reported in Binhai New Area is the highest. The number of reported cases of chronic occupational poisoning shows a downward trend. Occupational poisoning cases are concentrated mainly in the age of 4060 years and length of service of 1020 years. The high incidence of occupational poisoning mainly exists in the chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry and general, professional equipment manufacturing industry. Acute poisoning was mainly by asphyxial gas (50.00%) , and chronic poisoning was mainly by organic solvent (43.67%) . The distribution of occupational poisoning cases in diverse toxic types and regions in Tianjin are quite different. The occupational safety precautions of the chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing and occupational poisoning control work in Binhai new area should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of occupational poisoning.
通过分析2006—2015年天津市报告的职业性化学中毒病例的流行病学特征和职业特征，为急慢性职业中毒的预防控制措施提供科学依据。2016年9月，基于中国疾病预防控制信息系统，建立了2006—2015年天津市职业中毒病例数据库。首先分析职业中毒的流行病学特征，包括三间分布，然后分析职业特征，如工龄、行业分布和毒物来源。2006—2015年天津市共有职业中毒患者174例，其中急性中毒16例（9.20%），慢性中毒158例（90.8%），滨海新区报告的职业中毒病例比例最高。慢性职业中毒报告病例数呈下降趋势。职业中毒病例主要集中在40～60岁年龄段和10～20年工龄。职业中毒高发主要存在于化学原料和化学制品制造业以及通用、专业设备制造业。急性中毒主要由窒息性气体所致（50.00%），慢性中毒主要由有机溶剂所致（43.67%）。天津市职业中毒病例在不同毒物类型和地区的分布差异较大。应加强滨海新区化学原料和化学制品制造的职业安全防范及职业中毒控制工作，以减少职业中毒的发生。
