Heyrman E, Millet S, Tuyttens F A M, Ampe B, Janssens S, Buys N, Wauters J, Vanhaecke L, Aluwé M
1Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO),Animal Sciences Unit,9090 Melle,Belgium.
2Livestock Genetics,Department of Biosystems,KU Leuven,3001 Heverlee,Belgium.
Animal. 2017 Nov;11(11):2084-2093. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117000994. Epub 2017 May 18.
There is a commitment by the European pig sector to ban surgical castration of male piglets in the European Union in 2018. One alternative to castration is to raise entire male pigs, with an increased risk of boar taint. A field study was performed to: (1) evaluate inter- and intra-farm variation in boar taint prevalence, (2) investigate factors measured at slaughter influencing boar taint and (3) evaluate the relationship between sensorial scoring by a trained panel and the concentration of boar taint components. From 34 farms, neck fat samples were collected from all entire male pigs in at least two slaughter batches per farm (78 batches; 9167 animals). In addition to olfactory boar taint analysis, data were also collected on fresh skin lesions (score 0 to 3) at the slaughter line, slaughter weight, lean meat percentage, duration of transport, time spent in lairage, total delivery duration, day length, shortening of days and outdoor mean temperature. Using the hot iron method, neck fat samples were scored (eight-point scale) for boar taint. Average boar taint prevalence (score ≥3) was 5.6±2.5% and the mean difference between the maximum and minimum prevalence per farm was 4.3±3.2%. Androstenone (AND), skatole (SKA) and indole concentrations were measured for a subset (n=254) of the samples. According to binomial univariate mixed models, entire male pigs with a higher skin lesion score had higher odds of having boar taint (P=0.031), as did fatter entire male pigs (P<0.001). In the binomial multivariate mixed model lean meat percentage (P<0.001) and outdoor mean temperature (P=0.005) remained as only significant factors. Based on our results, we can conclude that these statistically significant at least partially influence the prevalence of boar taint. According to the binomial univariate mixed models SKA concentration in liquid fat seems a better predictor for boar taint than AND. There were no significant synergetic effects between boar taint compounds.
欧洲养猪业承诺于2018年在欧盟禁止对公猪仔猪进行手术阉割。阉割的一种替代方法是饲养完整的公猪，但公猪异味风险会增加。进行了一项实地研究，以：（1）评估农场间和农场内公猪异味发生率的差异，（2）调查屠宰时测量的影响公猪异味的因素，以及（3）评估由训练有素的小组进行的感官评分与公猪异味成分浓度之间的关系。从34个农场中，每个农场至少在两个屠宰批次中收集所有完整公猪的颈部脂肪样本（78个批次；9167头猪）。除了对公猪异味进行嗅觉分析外，还收集了屠宰线上新鲜皮肤损伤（0至3分）、屠宰体重、瘦肉率、运输时间、在栏时间、总交付时间、日长、日缩短和室外平均温度的数据。使用热铁法对颈部脂肪样本的公猪异味进行评分（八分制）。公猪异味的平均发生率（评分≥3）为5.6±2.5%，每个农场最高和最低发生率之间的平均差异为4.3±3.2%。对一部分样本（n=254）测量了雄烯酮（AND）、粪臭素（SKA）和吲哚的浓度。根据二项式单变量混合模型，皮肤损伤评分较高的完整公猪出现公猪异味的几率更高（P=0.031），较胖的完整公猪也是如此（P<0.001）。在二项式多变量混合模型中，瘦肉率（P<0.001）和室外平均温度（P=0.005）仍然是仅有的显著因素。根据我们的结果，我们可以得出结论，这些具有统计学意义的因素至少部分影响了公猪异味的发生率。根据二项式单变量混合模型，液态脂肪中的SKA浓度似乎比AND更能预测公猪异味。公猪异味化合物之间没有显著的协同效应。
