School of Psychology,University of Sussex,Brighton BN1 9QH,UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2017 Nov;76(4):455-465. doi: 10.1017/S0029665117000805. Epub 2017 May 18.
There is increasing evidence for important roles of key cognitive processes, including attention, memory and learning, in the short-term decision making about eating. There is parallel evidence that people who are overweight or obese tend to perform worse on a variety of cognitive tasks. In this review, the evidence for these two ideas is summarised and then the idea that overconsumption of Western-style high-fat (HF)-high-sugar diets may underlie the association between obesity and poorer cognitive performance is explored. In particular, evidence in animals and human subjects that repeated consumption of HF or HF and sugar (HFS) diets leads to specific impairments in the functioning of the hippocampus, which underpin the consequent changes in cognition is summarised. These findings lead into the vicious cycle model (VCM), which suggests that these cognitive changes have knock-on negative effects for future appetite control, and evidence that altered hippocampal function is also associated with impaired appetite control is explored. The review concludes that there is consistent evidence in the animal literature and emerging evidence from human studies that supports this VCM. It is also noted, however, that to date studies lack the nutritional specificity needed to be able to translate these basic research findings into clear nutritional effects, and concludes that there is an urgent need for additional research to clarify the precise nature of the apparent effects of consuming HFS diets on cognition.
越来越多的证据表明，关键认知过程（包括注意力、记忆和学习）在短期进食决策中起着重要作用。有平行的证据表明，超重或肥胖的人在各种认知任务上的表现往往较差。在这篇综述中，总结了这两个观点的证据，然后探讨了过度摄入西式高脂肪（HF）-高糖（HS）饮食可能是肥胖与认知表现较差之间关联的基础。特别是，总结了动物和人类受试者的证据，即反复摄入 HF 或 HF 和糖（HFS）饮食会导致海马体功能的特定损伤，从而导致随后的认知变化。这些发现引出了恶性循环模型（VCM），该模型表明这些认知变化对未来的食欲控制产生了连锁的负面影响，并探讨了海马体功能改变与食欲控制受损之间的关系。综述得出的结论是，动物文献中有一致的证据，而来自人类研究的新证据也支持这一 VCM。然而，需要指出的是，迄今为止，这些研究缺乏必要的营养特异性，无法将这些基础研究结果转化为明确的营养影响，因此迫切需要进一步的研究来阐明 HFS 饮食对认知的明显影响的具体性质。
