Institut Jean Lamour, Chimie et Electrochimie des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
CEA Tech Lorraine, Metz, France.
ChemSusChem. 2017 Jul 21;10(14):2922-2935. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700456. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
The platinum nanoparticles used as the catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent approximately 46 % of the total price of the cells for a large-scale production, and this is one of the barriers to their commercialization. Therefore, the recycling of the platinum catalyst could be the best alternative to limit the production costs of PEMFCs. The usual recovery routes for spent catalysts containing platinum are pyro-hydrometallurgical processes in which a calcination step is followed by aqua regia treatment, and these processes generate fumes and NO emissions, respectively. The electrochemical recovery route proposed here is more environmentally friendly, performed under "soft" temperature conditions, and does not result in any gas emissions. It consists of the coupling of the electrochemical leaching of platinum in chloride-based ionic liquids (ILs), followed by its electrodeposition. The leaching of platinum was studied in pure ILs and in ionic-liquid melts at different temperatures and with different chloride contents. Through the modulation of the composition of the ionic-liquid melts, it is possible to leach and electrodeposit the platinum from fuel-cell electrodes in a single-cell process under an inert or ambient atmosphere.
在质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 中用作催化剂的铂纳米颗粒在大规模生产中约占电池总成本的 46%，这是其商业化的障碍之一。因此，铂催化剂的回收可能是限制 PEMFC 生产成本的最佳选择。含铂废催化剂的常用回收途径是火法-湿法冶金工艺，其中包括煅烧步骤和王水（aqua regia）处理，这些工艺分别会产生烟雾和 NO 排放。这里提出的电化学回收路线更环保，在“温和”的温度条件下进行，不会产生任何气体排放。它由在基于氯化物的离子液体 (IL) 中进行的铂电化学浸出与随后的电沉积相结合。在不同温度和不同氯化物含量的纯 IL 和离子液体熔体中研究了铂的浸出。通过调制离子液体熔体的组成，可以在惰性或环境气氛下，在单电池过程中从燃料电池电极浸出和电沉积铂。
