Stinson Sara
Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367.
Am J Hum Biol. 1990;2(1):37-51. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310020105.
Available information on mean adult male and female height, weight, sitting height, and relative sitting height for 62 groups is used to examine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and climate, geographical location, and linguistic affiliation among South American Indians. Results of correlation analysis indicate that height increases from the north to the south of the continent and is significantly negatively correlated with precipitation but is not significantly correlated with most measures of temperature. Only in females is weight significantly correlated with any of the location or climatic variables. Sitting height is correlated with both temperature and precipitation, while relative sitting height is more strongly correlated with temperature, and the direction of the correlation indicates that groups living in colder areas have relatively shorter legs. The interpretation of the correlations for sitting height and relative sitting height is complicated by the fact that the correlations of these measurements change when only the low-altitude groups in the data set are considered. There are no significant differences in male height between linguistic stocks when the analysis is limited to those stocks represented by at least five groups. In general, there appears to be more patterning in body size and shape variation in South America than there is in terms of genetic variation. The correlations between anthropometric measurements and climate in South America differ in some ways from those observed for other areas of the world.
利用62个群体成年男性和女性的平均身高、体重、坐高及相对坐高的现有信息，研究南美印第安人体型测量数据与气候、地理位置和语言归属之间的关系。相关分析结果表明，该大陆成年男性和女性的身高从北向南递增，且与降水量呈显著负相关，但与大多数温度指标无显著相关性。只有女性体重与任何地理位置或气候变量存在显著相关性。坐高与温度和降水量均相关，而相对坐高与温度的相关性更强，且相关性方向表明，生活在较寒冷地区的群体腿部相对较短。当仅考虑数据集中的低海拔群体时，这些测量数据的相关性会发生变化，这使得对坐高和相对坐高相关性的解读变得复杂。当分析仅限于至少由五个群体代表的语系时，各语系男性身高无显著差异。总体而言，南美洲人体大小和形状变异的模式似乎比基因变异方面的模式更多。南美人体型测量数据与气候之间的相关性在某些方面与世界其他地区观察到的情况不同。
