Hussein Farah, Antonescu Costin, Karshafian Raffi
Department of Physics, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
BMC Biotechnol. 2017 May 18;17(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12896-017-0364-3.
Ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) have been shown to enhance the intracellular uptake of molecules, generally thought to occur as a result of sonoporation. The underlying mechanism associated with USMB-enhanced intracellular uptake such as membrane disruption and endocytosis may also be associated with USMB-induced release of cellular materials to the extracellular milieu. This study investigates USMB effects on the molecular release from cells through membrane-disruption and exocytosis.
USMB induced the release of 19% and 67% of GFP from the cytoplasm in viable and non-viable cells, respectively. Tfn release from early/recycling endosomes increased by 23% in viable cells upon USMB treatment. In addition, the MFI of LAMP-1 antibody increased by 50% in viable cells, suggesting USMB-stimulated lysosome exocytosis. In non-viable cells, labeling of LAMP-1 intracellular structures in the absence of cell permeabilization by detergents suggests that USMB-induced cell death correlates with lysosomal permeabilization.
In conclusion, USMB enhanced the molecular release from the cytoplasm, lysosomes, and early/recycling endosomes.
超声与微泡（USMB）已被证明可增强分子的细胞内摄取，一般认为这是声孔效应的结果。与USMB增强细胞内摄取相关的潜在机制，如膜破坏和内吞作用，也可能与USMB诱导细胞物质释放到细胞外环境有关。本研究调查了USMB通过膜破坏和胞吐作用对细胞分子释放的影响。
USMB分别诱导活细胞和非活细胞中19%和67%的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）从细胞质中释放。在USMB处理后，活细胞中早期/循环内体释放的转铁蛋白（Tfn）增加了23%。此外，活细胞中溶酶体相关膜蛋白1（LAMP-1）抗体的平均荧光强度（MFI）增加了50%，表明USMB刺激了溶酶体胞吐作用。在非活细胞中，在未用去污剂使细胞通透的情况下对LAMP-1细胞内结构进行标记，表明USMB诱导的细胞死亡与溶酶体通透性有关。
总之，USMB增强了细胞质、溶酶体以及早期/循环内体的分子释放。
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