Matias Mariana, Zenha Horácio, Costa Horácio
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Plastic, Reconstructive and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova Gaia/Espinho, Gaia, Portugal.
Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2017 Jun;10(2):89-98. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1594277. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
Craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery is a challenging field. First it aims to restore primary functions and second to preserve craniofacial anatomical features like symmetry and harmony. Three-dimensional (3D) printed biomodels have been widely adopted in medical fields by providing tactile feedback and a superior appreciation of visuospatial relationship between anatomical structures. Craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery was one of the first areas to implement 3D printing technology in their practice. Biomodeling has been used in craniofacial reconstruction of traumatic injuries, congenital disorders, tumor removal, iatrogenic injuries (e.g., decompressive craniectomies), orthognathic surgery, and implantology. 3D printing has proven to improve and enable an optimization of preoperative planning, develop intraoperative guidance tools, reduce operative time, and significantly improve the biofunctional and the aesthetic outcome. This technology has also shown great potential in enriching the teaching of medical students and surgical residents. The aim of this review is to present the current status of 3D printing technology and its practical and innovative applications, specifically in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery, illustrated with two clinical cases where the 3D printing technology was successfully used.
颅颌面重建手术是一个具有挑战性的领域。首先，它旨在恢复主要功能，其次是保留颅面解剖特征，如对称性与和谐性。三维（3D）打印生物模型通过提供触觉反馈以及对解剖结构之间视觉空间关系的更优理解，已在医学领域得到广泛应用。颅颌面重建手术是最早将3D打印技术应用于实践的领域之一。生物建模已用于创伤性损伤、先天性疾病、肿瘤切除、医源性损伤（如减压性颅骨切除术）、正颌外科手术和种植学的颅面重建。事实证明，3D打印有助于改进并优化术前规划、开发术中引导工具、缩短手术时间，并显著改善生物功能和美学效果。这项技术在丰富医学生和外科住院医师教学方面也显示出巨大潜力。本综述的目的是介绍3D打印技术的现状及其实际和创新性应用，特别是在颅颌面重建手术中的应用，并通过两个成功使用3D打印技术的临床病例进行说明。
