Jarosinski Keith W
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2017;223:195-224. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-53168-7_9.
Interindividual spread of herpesviruses is essential for the virus life cycle and maintenance in host populations. For most herpesviruses, the virus-host relationship is close, having coevolved over millions of years resulting in comparatively high species specificity. The mechanisms governing interindividual spread or horizontal transmission are very complex, involving conserved herpesviral and cellular proteins during the attachment, entry, replication, and egress processes of infection. Also likely, specific herpesviruses have evolved unique viral and cellular interactions during cospeciation that are dependent on their relationship. Multiple steps are required for interindividual spread including virus assembly in infected cells; release into the environment, followed by virus attachment; and entry into new hosts. Should any of these steps be compromised, transmission is rendered impossible. This review will focus mainly on the natural virus-host model of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in chickens in order to delineate important steps during interindividual spread.
疱疹病毒在个体间的传播对于病毒的生命周期以及在宿主群体中的维持至关重要。对于大多数疱疹病毒而言，病毒与宿主的关系密切，历经数百万年共同进化，导致具有较高的物种特异性。控制个体间传播或水平传播的机制非常复杂，在感染的附着、进入、复制和释放过程中涉及保守的疱疹病毒和细胞蛋白。同样可能的是，特定的疱疹病毒在共同物种形成过程中进化出了独特的病毒与细胞相互作用，这取决于它们之间的关系。个体间传播需要多个步骤，包括在感染细胞中组装病毒；释放到环境中，随后病毒附着；以及进入新宿主。如果这些步骤中的任何一个受到损害，传播就无法进行。本综述将主要聚焦于鸡马立克氏病病毒（MDV）的自然病毒 - 宿主模型，以描绘个体间传播过程中的重要步骤。
