Moe Randi Oppermann, Bohlin Jon, Flø Andreas, Vasdal Guro, Stubsjøen Solveig Marie
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Animal Welfare Research Group, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Infection Control and Environmental health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Lovisenberggata 8, P.O. Box 4404, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
Physiol Behav. 2017 Oct 1;179:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.025. Epub 2017 May 19.
Infrared thermography (IRT) is increasingly applied as a noninvasive technique for measuring surface body temperature alterations related to e.g. stress, emotions and leg pathologies in avian species. As a basis for the validation of IRT as a future tool for veterinary diagnostics such as detection and/or prediction of subclinical footpad pathologies in broiler chickens, this study explored effects of manual restraint at two different ages on footpad temperatures. Head region temperatures were applied as additional measures of emotional arousal and stress. The study demonstrated that footpad temperatures dropped during 10min of restraint (p<0.001, -0.45°C 95% CI (-0.49, -0.41) per min), whilst head region temperatures (e.g. nostril, wattle, eye, and average head temperature) rose (p=0.004, 0.76°C 95% CI (0.39, 1.15) per 10min), which is consistent with body temperature alterations during emotional arousal and stress, termed stress-induces hyperthermia. Temperature differed between 30 and 36 d (p<0.001, 1.71°C 95% CI (1.04, 2.38) per week), but it is impossible to draw conclusions whether this effect was caused by age or by conditioning. Furthermore, sequential sampling order affected temperature (p=0.04, 0.13°C 95% CI (0.01, 0.25)). In conclusion, one needs to take into account the duration of handling and restraint during the assessment of footpad temperatures, as well as the chickens age, previous experience and sequential sampling order, when using IRT technology as a future noninvasive tool to study temperature alterations associated with subclinical footpad pathologies in broiler chickens.
红外热成像技术（IRT）作为一种非侵入性技术，越来越多地应用于测量禽类与应激、情绪和腿部疾病等相关的体表温度变化。作为验证IRT作为未来兽医诊断工具（如检测和/或预测肉鸡亚临床脚垫疾病）的基础，本研究探讨了两个不同年龄阶段的手动约束对脚垫温度的影响。头部区域温度作为情绪唤起和应激的额外测量指标。研究表明，在约束10分钟期间脚垫温度下降（p<0.001，每分钟下降0.45°C，95%置信区间为（-0.49，-0.41）），而头部区域温度（如鼻孔、肉垂、眼睛和平均头部温度）上升（p=0.004，每10分钟上升0.76°C，95%置信区间为（0.39，1.15）），这与情绪唤起和应激期间的体温变化一致，称为应激诱导性体温过高。温度在30日龄和36日龄之间存在差异（p<0.001，每周相差1.71°C，95%置信区间为（1.04，2.38）），但无法得出这种影响是由年龄还是由适应引起的结论。此外，连续采样顺序影响温度（p=0.04，0.13°C，95%置信区间为（0.01，0.25））。总之，当使用IRT技术作为未来研究肉鸡亚临床脚垫疾病相关温度变化的非侵入性工具时，在评估脚垫温度时需要考虑处理和约束的持续时间，以及鸡的年龄、既往经验和连续采样顺序。
