Kowalewicz-Kulbat Magdalena, Locht Camille
a Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
b Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , Lille , France.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jul;16(7):1-10. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1333906. Epub 2017 May 30.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only available vaccine against tuberculosis. Although its protective efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis is still under debate, it provides protection against other mycobacterial diseases. BCG is also an effective therapy against superficial bladder cancer and potentially decreases overall childhood mortality. Areas covered: The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art summary of the beneficial effects of BCG in inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. As a strong inducer of Th1 type immunity, BCG has been reported to protect against atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma, a Th2-driven disorder. Its protective effect has been well documented in mice, but still awaits definitive evidence in humans. Similarly, murine studies have shown a protective effect of BCG against auto-immune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and insulin-dependent diabetes, but studies in humans have come to conflicting conclusions. Expert commentary: Studies in mice have shown a beneficial effect of the BCG vaccine against allergic asthma, multiple sclerosis and diabetes. However, the understanding of its mechanism is still fragmentary and requires further in depth research. Some observational or intervention studies in humans have also suggested a beneficial effect, but definitive evidence for this requires confirmation in carefully conducted prospective studies.
卡介苗（BCG）是唯一可用的抗结核疫苗。尽管其对肺结核的保护效力仍存在争议，但它能预防其他分枝杆菌疾病。卡介苗也是治疗浅表性膀胱癌的有效疗法，还可能降低儿童总体死亡率。涵盖领域：本文旨在对卡介苗在炎症性和自身免疫性疾病中的有益作用进行最新综述。作为Th1型免疫的强诱导剂，卡介苗据报道可预防特应性疾病，如过敏性哮喘（一种由Th2驱动的疾病）。其保护作用在小鼠中已有充分记录，但在人类中仍有待确凿证据。同样，小鼠研究显示卡介苗对自身免疫性疾病，如多发性硬化症和胰岛素依赖型糖尿病有保护作用，但人类研究得出了相互矛盾的结论。专家评论：小鼠研究表明卡介苗疫苗对过敏性哮喘、多发性硬化症和糖尿病有有益作用。然而，对其机制的理解仍不完整，需要进一步深入研究。一些人类观察性或干预性研究也提示了有益作用，但对此的确凿证据需要在精心开展的前瞻性研究中得到证实。
