Weinberg C R
Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;185(11):1184-1186. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx075.
The case-crossover design, introduced in 1991 by Malcolm Maclure (Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133(2):144-153), provided a precise and powerful tool for studying short-term effects of transient triggering exposures on abrupt outcomes like myocardial infarction. The design is an example of "self-control." One compares case-time intervals that include experiences that came just before the health event with control-time intervals that capture comparable experiences more remote from the event. Methodologists have since tweaked the general approach, recognizing issues that need to be considered to guard against time-driven confounders. I discuss opportunities for possible expansion and further mining of the data from this ingenious design.
病例交叉设计由马尔科姆·麦克卢尔于1991年提出（《美国流行病学杂志》。1991年；133(2):144 - 153），为研究短暂触发暴露对心肌梗死等突发结局的短期影响提供了一种精确且强大的工具。该设计是“自我对照”的一个例子。人们将包含健康事件发生前经历的病例时间间隔与捕捉距离该事件更远的可比经历的对照时间间隔进行比较。此后，方法学家对这一通用方法进行了调整，认识到为防范时间驱动的混杂因素而需要考虑的问题。我讨论了对这种巧妙设计的数据进行可能的扩展和进一步挖掘的机会。
