自杀、枪支与回购计划：康涅狄格州枪支相关死亡的流行病学分析

Suicide, guns, and buyback programs: An epidemiologic analysis of firearm-related deaths in Connecticut.

作者信息

Baumann Laura, Clinton Heather, Berntsson Rob, Williams Susan S, Rovella James C, Shapiro David, Thaker Shefali, Borrup Kevin, Lapidus Garry, Campbell Brendan T

机构信息

From the University of Connecticut School of Medicine (L.B.); Hartford Police Department (R.B., J.C.R.); Office of Chief Medical Examiner (S.S.W.); Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center (D.S.); Connecticut Children's Medical Center (S.T.); Injury Prevention Center, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, (H.C., K.B., G.L.); Pediatric Surgery and Injury Prevention Center (B.T.C.), Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT.

出版信息

J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Dec;83(6):1195-1199. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001575.

DOI:10.1097/TA.0000000000001575

PMID:28538635

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Gun buyback programs aim to remove unwanted firearms from the community with the goal of preventing firearm injury and death. Buyback programs are held in many communities, but evidence demonstrating their effectiveness is lacking. The purpose of this study is to compare firearms collected at buyback events to crime guns and firearms used in homicides and suicides.

METHODS

Detailed firearm and case data were obtained from the Hartford Police Department and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from January through December of 2015. Information was reviewed for guns collected at buyback events, crime guns confiscated by police, and for weapons associated with firearm fatalities. Detailed firearm data included type, manufacturer, model, and caliber (small, ≤ 0.32 caliber; medium, 0.357 caliber to 9 mm; large, ≥ 0.40 caliber). χ analyses were used for comparisons between groups.

RESULTS

In 2015, 224 crime guns were seized by the Hartford Police, 169 guns were collected at four community buyback events, and there were 187 firearm-related deaths statewide (105 suicides, 81 homicides, 1 legal intervention). Comparisons between buyback, crime, and fatality-related firearms are shown in the table below. Medium caliber handguns account for the majority of crime guns and fatalities, and buyback programs collected smaller caliber handguns. The demographics of individuals who turn in guns at buyback events and commit suicide are similar: age (buyback, 63 ± 11; suicide, 52 ± 18; homicide, 34 ± 12 years), sex (buyback, 81%; suicide, 91%; homicide, 84% men), and race (buyback, 80%; suicide, 97%; homicide, 47% white).

CONCLUSION

Handguns account for the majority of crime guns and firearm-related fatalities in Connecticut. Buyback programs are both an opportunity to remove unwanted handguns from the community and to remove firearms from the homes of individuals at increased risk of suicide.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Epidemiologic/therapeutic study, level IV.

摘要

背景

枪支回购计划旨在从社区中移除多余枪支，以预防枪支伤害和死亡。许多社区都开展了回购计划，但缺乏证明其有效性的证据。本研究的目的是将回购活动中收集的枪支与犯罪枪支以及用于凶杀和自杀的枪支进行比较。

方法

从哈特福德警察局和首席法医办公室获取了2015年1月至12月详细的枪支和案件数据。对回购活动中收集的枪支、警方没收的犯罪枪支以及与枪支致死相关的武器信息进行了审查。详细的枪支数据包括类型、制造商、型号和口径（小口径，≤0.32英寸；中口径，0.357英寸至9毫米；大口径，≥0.40英寸）。采用χ分析进行组间比较。

结果

2015年，哈特福德警方查获了224支犯罪枪支，在四次社区回购活动中收集到169支枪支，全州有187起与枪支相关的死亡事件（105起自杀、81起凶杀、1起合法干预）。下表展示了回购枪支、犯罪枪支和与死亡相关枪支的比较情况。中口径手枪占犯罪枪支和死亡事件中的大多数，而回购计划收集到的是较小口径的手枪。在回购活动中上交枪支并自杀的个体的人口统计学特征相似：年龄（回购，63±11岁；自杀，52±18岁；凶杀，34±12岁）、性别（回购，81%为男性；自杀，91%为男性；凶杀，84%为男性）和种族（回购，80%为白人；自杀，97%为白人；凶杀，47%为白人）。