Skovgaard C, Almquist N W, Bangsbo J
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sports Organization), Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Feb;28(2):381-390. doi: 10.1111/sms.12916. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
The effect of repeated intense training interventions was investigated in eight trained male runners (maximum oxygen uptake [VO -max]: 59.3±3.2 mL/kg/min, mean±SD) who performed 10 speed endurance training (SET; repeated 30-seconds "all-out" bouts) and 10 aerobic moderate-intensity training sessions during two 40-day periods (P1 and P2) separated by ~80 days of habitual training. Before and after both P1 and P2, subjects completed an incremental test to exhaustion to determine VO -max and a repeated running test at 90% vVO -max to exhaustion (RRT) to determine short-term endurance capacity. In addition, running economy (RE) was measured at 60% vVO -max (11.9±0.5 km/h) and v10-km (14.3±0.9 km/h), a 10-km track-running test was performed, and a biopsy from m. vastus lateralis was collected. 10-km performance and VO -max (mL/min) were the same prior to P1 and P2, whereas RE was better (P<.05) before P2 than before P1. During P1 and P2, 10-km performance (2.9% and 2.3%), VO -max (2.1% and 2.6%), and RE (1.9% and 1.8% at 60% vVO -max; 1.6% and 2.0% at v10-km) improved (P<.05) to the same extent, respectively. Performance in RRT was 20% better (P<.05) after compared to before P2, with no change in P1. No changes in muscle expression of Na ,K -ATPase α1, α2 and β1, NHE1, SERCA1 and SERCA2, actin, and CaMKII were found during neither P1 nor P2. Thus, the present study demonstrates that a second period of intense training leads to improved short-term performance and further improved RE, whereas 10-km performance and VO -max improve to the same extent as during the first period.
对8名训练有素的男性跑步者（最大摄氧量[VO₂max]：59.3±3.2毫升/千克/分钟，均值±标准差）进行了重复高强度训练干预效果的研究。这些跑步者在两个40天的时间段（P1和P2）内进行了10次速度耐力训练（SET；重复30秒的“全力”冲刺）和10次有氧中等强度训练，两个时间段之间间隔约80天的常规训练。在P1和P2之前及之后，受试者完成了递增式力竭测试以确定VO₂max，并进行了以90% vVO₂max进行的重复跑步力竭测试（RRT）以确定短期耐力能力。此外，在60% vVO₂max（11.9±0.5千米/小时）和v10千米（14.3±0.9千米/小时）时测量了跑步经济性（RE），进行了10千米跑道跑步测试，并采集了股外侧肌的活检样本。P1和P2之前的10千米成绩和VO₂max（毫升/分钟）相同，而P2之前的RE比P1之前更好（P<0.05）。在P1和P2期间，10千米成绩（分别提高2.9%和2.3%）、VO₂max（分别提高2.1%和2.6%）和RE（在60% vVO₂max时分别提高1.9%和1.8%；在v10千米时分别提高1.6%和2.0%）分别在相同程度上得到改善（P<0.05）。与P2之前相比，RRT的成绩在之后提高了20%（P<0.05），而P1期间没有变化。在P1和P2期间，均未发现Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶α1、α2和β1、NHE1、SERCA1和SERCA2、肌动蛋白和CaMKII的肌肉表达有变化。因此，本研究表明，第二个高强度训练期可导致短期成绩提高和RE进一步改善，而10千米成绩和VO₂max的改善程度与第一个训练期相同。
