Barbaro Elena, Zangrando Roberta, Padoan Sara, Karroca Ornela, Toscano Giuseppa, Cairns Warren R L, Barbante Carlo, Gambaro Andrea
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy.
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2017 Sep;183:132-138. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.098. Epub 2017 May 17.
The concentrations of water-soluble compounds (ions, carboxylic acids, amino acids, sugars, phenolic compounds) in aerosol and snow have been determined at the coastal Italian base "Mario Zucchelli" (Antarctica) during the 2014-2015 austral summer. The main aim of this research was to investigate the air-snow transfer processes of a number of classes of chemical compounds and investigate their potential as tracers for specific sources. The composition and particle size distribution of Antarctic aerosol was measured, and water-soluble compounds accounted for 66% of the PM total mass concentration. The major ions Na, Mg, Cl and SO made up 99% of the total water soluble compound concentration indicating that sea spray input was the main source of aerosol. These ionic species were found mainly in the coarse fraction of the aerosol resulting in enhanced deposition, as reflected by the snow composition. Biogenic sources were identified using chemical markers such as carboxylic acids, amino acids, sugars and phenolic compounds. This study describes the first characterization of amino acids and sugar concentrations in surface snow. High concentrations of amino acids were found after a snowfall event, their presence is probably due to the degradation of biological material scavenged during the snow event. Alcohol sugars increased in concentration after the snow event, suggesting a deposition of primary biological particles, such as airborne fungal spores.
2014 - 2015年南半球夏季期间，在意大利南极海岸基地“马里奥·祖凯利”测定了气溶胶和雪中水溶性化合物（离子、羧酸、氨基酸、糖、酚类化合物）的浓度。本研究的主要目的是调查若干类化合物的气 - 雪传输过程，并研究它们作为特定源示踪剂的潜力。测量了南极气溶胶的组成和粒径分布，水溶性化合物占颗粒物总质量浓度的66%。主要离子钠、镁、氯和硫酸根占水溶性化合物总浓度的99%，表明海雾输入是气溶胶的主要来源。这些离子种类主要存在于气溶胶的粗颗粒部分，导致沉降增强，雪的组成也反映了这一点。利用羧酸、氨基酸、糖和酚类化合物等化学标志物确定了生物源。本研究首次描述了表层雪中氨基酸和糖浓度的特征。降雪事件后发现氨基酸浓度很高，其存在可能是由于降雪期间清除的生物物质降解所致。雪事件后糖醇浓度增加，表明有初级生物颗粒（如空气中的真菌孢子）沉降。
