Chang Chiung Ting
National Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Public Affairs Management, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Sep 15;200:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.059. Epub 2017 May 23.
Although flood management is no longer exclusively a topic of engineering, flood mitigation continues to be associated with hard engineering options. Flood adaptation or the capacity to adapt to flood risk, as well as a demand for internalizing externalities caused by flood risk between regions, complicate flood management activities. Even though integrated river basin management has long been recommended to resolve the above issues, it has proven difficult to apply widely, and sometimes even to bring into existence. This article explores how internalization of externalities as well as the realization of integrated river basin management can be encouraged via the use of a market-based approach, namely a flood risk trading program. In addition to maintaining efficiency of optimal resource allocation, a flood risk trading program may also provide a more equitable distribution of benefits by facilitating decentralization. This article employs a graphical analysis to show how flood risk trading can be implemented to encourage mitigation measures that increase infiltration and storage capacity. A theoretical model is presented to demonstrate the economic conditions necessary for flood risk trading.
尽管洪水管理不再仅仅是一个工程学话题，但洪水缓解措施仍然与硬工程方案相关联。洪水适应能力或适应洪水风险的能力，以及将地区间洪水风险所造成的外部性内部化的需求，使洪水管理活动变得复杂。尽管长期以来一直建议采用综合流域管理来解决上述问题，但事实证明，它很难得到广泛应用，甚至有时难以实施。本文探讨了如何通过采用基于市场的方法，即洪水风险交易计划，来鼓励外部性内部化以及实现综合流域管理。除了维持最优资源配置的效率外，洪水风险交易计划还可以通过促进权力下放，提供更公平的利益分配。本文采用图形分析来说明如何实施洪水风险交易，以鼓励采取增加渗透和存储能力的缓解措施。还提出了一个理论模型，以证明洪水风险交易所需的经济条件。
