Kouba Marek, Bartoš Luděk, Tomášek Václav, Popelková Alena, Šťastný Karel, Zárybnická Markéta
Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2017 May 18;12(5):e0177314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177314. eCollection 2017.
Animal home ranges typically characterized by their size, shape and a given time interval can be affected by many different biotic and abiotic factors. However, despite the fact that many studies have addressed home ranges, our knowledge of the factors influencing the size of area occupied by different animals is, in many cases, still quite poor, especially among raptors. Using radio-telemetry (VHF; 2.1 g tail-mounted tags) we studied movements of 20 Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) males during the breeding season in a mountain area of Central Europe (the Czech Republic, the Ore Mountains: 50° 40' N, 13° 35' E) between years 2006-2010, determined their average hunting home range size and explored what factors affected the size of home range utilised. The mean breeding home range size calculated according to 95% fixed kernel density estimator was 190.7 ± 65.7 ha (± SD) with a median value of 187.1 ha. Home range size was affected by prey abundance, presence or absence of polygyny, the number of fledglings, and weather conditions. Home range size increased with decreasing prey abundance. Polygynously mated males had overall larger home range than those mated monogamously, and individuals with more fledged young possessed larger home range compared to those with fewer raised fledglings. Finally, we found that home ranges recorded during harsh weather (nights with strong wind speed and/or heavy rain) were smaller in size than those registered during better weather. Overall, the results provide novel insights into what factors may influence home range size and emphasize the prey abundance as a key factor for breeding dynamics in Tengmalm's owl.
动物的活动范围通常由其大小、形状以及特定的时间间隔来表征，会受到许多不同生物和非生物因素的影响。然而，尽管许多研究都涉及活动范围，但在很多情况下，我们对影响不同动物所占区域大小的因素的了解仍然相当匮乏，尤其是在猛禽中。我们使用无线电遥测技术（甚高频；2.1克尾部安装标签），在2006年至2010年期间，对中欧山区（捷克共和国，厄尔士山脉：北纬50°40′，东经13°35′）20只雄性长耳鸮（Aegolius funereus）在繁殖季节的活动进行了研究，确定了它们的平均狩猎活动范围大小，并探究了哪些因素影响了所利用的活动范围大小。根据95%固定核密度估计器计算得出的平均繁殖活动范围大小为190.7±65.7公顷（±标准差），中位数为187.1公顷。活动范围大小受猎物丰度、一夫多妻制的有无、雏鸟数量和天气条件的影响。活动范围大小随猎物丰度的降低而增加。实行一夫多妻制交配的雄性总体活动范围比实行一夫一妻制交配的雄性更大，与育雏数量较少的个体相比，育雏较多的个体拥有更大的活动范围。最后，我们发现恶劣天气（风速强劲和/或暴雨的夜晚）期间记录的活动范围比天气较好时记录的活动范围小。总体而言，这些结果为哪些因素可能影响活动范围大小提供了新的见解，并强调猎物丰度是长耳鸮繁殖动态的关键因素。
