CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Dec 25;459:104-115. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020. Epub 2017 May 22.
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
甲状腺激素（TH）信号通路是一种进化上保守的途径，对大脑功能和认知至关重要，贯穿生命全程，从早期发育到衰老。在人类中，妊娠期间的 TH 缺乏会改变后代的大脑发育，增加认知障碍的风险。TH 如何调节神经发生以及随后的行为和认知功能仍然是一个主要的研究挑战。一个多世纪以来，人们一直在哺乳动物动物模型中研究 TH 信号在增殖、存活、决定、迁移、分化和成熟方面的细胞和分子机制。然而，最近的数据表明，TH 也会影响脊椎动物（从哺乳动物到硬骨鱼）整个胚胎和成年期的神经发生。这些最新观察结果提出了一个问题，即在神经发生过程中，特别是在特定的神经干细胞群体中，TH 的可用性是如何被控制的。这篇综述讨论了 TH 在调节不同脊椎动物发育中和成年大脑中的神经发生中的作用。这种进化发育方法可以为（i）神经系统的进化和（ii）TH 在动物门之间对神经发生的进化控制提供新的见解。我们还讨论了在进化背景下甲状腺破坏物对大脑发育的作用。
