Kang Y, Cai Y
Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
J Hosp Infect. 2017 Aug;96(4):342-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 15.
Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. It has been estimated that there are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide. The liver is connected to the small intestine by the bile duct, which carries bile formed in the liver to the intestine. Nearly all of the blood that leaves the stomach and intestines must pass through the liver. Human intestines contain a wide diversity of microbes, collectively termed the 'gut microbiota'. Gut microbiota play a significant role in host metabolic processes and host immune modulation, and influence host development and physiology (organ development). Altered gut microbiota is a common complication in liver disease. Changes in intestinal microbiota seem to play an important role in induction and promotion of HBV-induced chronic liver disease progression, and specific species among the intestinal commensal bacteria may play either a pathogenic or a protective role in the development of HBV-induced chronic liver disease. Thus, the gut microbiome may represent fertile targets for prevention or management of HBV-induced chronic liver disease. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a useful therapy for HBV-related disease in the future. However, the data available in this field remain limited, and relevant scientific work has only just commenced. New technologies have enabled systematic studies of gut microbiota, and provided more realistic information about its composition and pathological variance. This review summarizes the cutting edge of research into the relationship between gut microbiota and HBV-induced chronic liver disease, and the future prospects of FMT therapy.
乙型肝炎是全球最常见的传染病之一。据估计，全球有3.5亿慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者。肝脏通过胆管与小肠相连，胆管将肝脏中形成的胆汁输送到肠道。几乎所有离开胃和肠道的血液都必须经过肝脏。人类肠道中含有各种各样的微生物，统称为“肠道微生物群”。肠道微生物群在宿主代谢过程和宿主免疫调节中发挥着重要作用，并影响宿主发育和生理（器官发育）。肠道微生物群改变是肝病的常见并发症。肠道微生物群的变化似乎在HBV诱导的慢性肝病进展的诱导和促进中起重要作用，肠道共生细菌中的特定物种可能在HBV诱导的慢性肝病发展中起致病或保护作用。因此，肠道微生物组可能是预防或管理HBV诱导的慢性肝病的理想靶点。粪便微生物群移植（FMT）未来可能是治疗HBV相关疾病的有效方法。然而，该领域的现有数据仍然有限，相关科学工作才刚刚开始。新技术使得对肠道微生物群进行系统研究成为可能，并提供了有关其组成和病理变化的更真实信息。本综述总结了肠道微生物群与HBV诱导的慢性肝病之间关系的前沿研究以及FMT治疗的未来前景。
