Spurgeon J H, French K E, Giese W K, Steele M F, Utenko V N, Bundzen P V, Rogozkin V A
Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208.
School of Environmental Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858.
Am J Hum Biol. 1994;6(2):141-151. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310060202.
Somatic data were collected during September 1991 on 280 males, ages 6, 9, and 15 years, residing in urban St. Petersburg, Russia, and in rural regions surrounding the city. Comparisons are made between urban and rural groups for measures of body size and form, skinfold thicknesses, body mass index (BMI), and estimated arm muscle area (ARM). The data were analyzed in 2 (urban-rural) × 3 (age) analyses of variance, with an alpha level of P < 0.05. Age differences were evident for all measurements. A significant main effect for urban-rural was found for stature, lower limb height, and calf girth; differences approached significance (P < 0.07) for body weight and sitting height. Urban children were larger than rural children in stature, sitting height, lower limb height, calf girth, and body weight. The interaction was nonsignificant. Urban and rural boys did not differ on measures of body form. Similar means were obtained for the sum of skinfolds, the BMI, and ARM in urban and rural boys. Compared with data collected more than a century ago, present-day 15-year-olds are 22 cm taller. It has often been suggested that living in an urban environment provides greater access to the amenities of life than living in a rural area. Although these amenities are difficult to observe differences do exist and the secular trend continues. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1991年9月收集了居住在俄罗斯圣彼得堡市区及该市周边农村地区的280名6岁、9岁和15岁男性的身体数据。对城市和农村两组人群的身体大小和形态指标、皮褶厚度、体重指数（BMI）以及估计的手臂肌肉面积（ARM）进行了比较。数据采用2（城市-农村）×3（年龄）方差分析进行分析，显著性水平为P < 0.05。所有测量指标的年龄差异都很明显。在身高、下肢长度和小腿围度方面发现了城市-农村的显著主效应；体重和坐高的差异接近显著性水平（P < 0.07）。城市儿童在身高、坐高、下肢长度、小腿围度和体重方面比农村儿童更大。交互作用不显著。城市和农村男孩在身体形态指标上没有差异。城市和农村男孩的皮褶总和、BMI和ARM的平均值相似。与一个多世纪前收集的数据相比，如今的15岁青少年身高高出22厘米。人们常认为，与生活在农村地区相比，生活在城市环境中能有更多机会享受生活便利设施。尽管这些便利设施难以观察到，但差异确实存在，且长期趋势仍在继续。© 1994威利-利斯公司。
