Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Sep;81:192-197. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.012. Epub 2017 May 23.
The aim of this study was to identify the detailed anatomic morphology of the retromolar canal using histologic sections and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Twenty-two sides of the mandible obtained from cadavers and CBCT images of 72 patients (144 sides) were analyzed. All mandibles were prepared using conventional methods of tissue processing, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and measured to elucidate the composition and dimensions of the retromolar canal with the aid of a light microscope. In addition, the prevalence, course, opening position, and distance of the retromolar canal from the second molar were measured on CBCT images.
The retromolar neurovascular bundle in the retromolar canal originated from the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, and the mean areas of the neurovascular bundle and each artery and nerve contained within it were 0.59, 0.07, and 0.05mm, respectively. The mean horizontal and vertical diameters of the neurovascular bundle were 0.82 and 0.90mm, respectively. The retromolar canal was detected more often on CBCT images (43.1%, 31 out of 72 patients). It mainly arose vertically (71.0%) from the mandibular canal and opened in the middle portion (57.9%) of the retromolar triangle at a mean distance of 13.13mm from the second molar.
The retromolar canal is a normal anatomic structure that is relatively common and contains both a relatively large artery and a nerve. Clinicians need to pay closer attention to vascular problems as well as nerve damage when they are performing surgical procedures in the retromolar area.
本研究旨在通过组织学切片和锥形束 CT（CBCT）图像来确定磨牙后管的详细解剖形态。
分析了 22 例来自尸体的下颌骨和 72 例患者（144 侧）的 CBCT 图像。所有下颌骨均采用常规组织处理方法制备，用苏木精-伊红染色，并借助光学显微镜测量以阐明磨牙后管的组成和尺寸。此外，还在 CBCT 图像上测量磨牙后管与第二磨牙的位置、开口位置和距离。
磨牙后管中的磨牙后神经血管束起源于下牙槽神经血管束，神经血管束和其中包含的每条动脉和神经的平均面积分别为 0.59、0.07 和 0.05mm。神经血管束的平均水平和垂直直径分别为 0.82mm 和 0.90mm。磨牙后管在 CBCT 图像上的检出率更高（43.1%，72 例患者中有 31 例）。它主要从下颌管垂直（71.0%）上升，并在磨牙后三角的中部（57.9%）开口，距离第二磨牙平均 13.13mm。
磨牙后管是一种常见的正常解剖结构，其中包含相对较大的动脉和神经。临床医生在磨牙区进行手术时需要更加注意血管问题和神经损伤。
