Pophof B, Brix G
Abteilung für Wirkungen und Risiken ionisierender und nichtionisierender Strahlung, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim/Neuherberg, Deutschland.
Abteilung für medizinischen und beruflichen Strahlenschutz, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim/Neuherberg, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2017 Jul;57(7):563-568. doi: 10.1007/s00117-017-0260-9.
During the last few years, new studies on biological effects of strong static magnetic fields and on thermal effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were published. Many of these studies have not yet been included in the current safety recommendations.
Scientific publications since 2010 on biological effects of static and electromagnetic fields in MRI were researched and evaluated.
New studies confirm older publications that have already described effects of static magnetic fields on sensory organs and the central nervous system, accompanied by sensory perceptions. A new result is the direct effect of Lorentz forces on ionic currents in the semicircular canals of the vestibular system. Recent studies of thermal effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields were focused on the development of anatomically realistic body models and a more precise simulation of exposure scenarios.
Strong static magnetic fields can cause unpleasant sensations, in particular, vertigo. In addition, they can influence the performance of the medical staff and thus potentially endanger the patient's safety. As a precaution, medical personnel should move slowly within the field gradient. High-frequency electromagnetic fields lead to an increase in the temperature of patients' tissues and organs. This should be considered especially in patients with restricted thermoregulation and in pregnant women and neonates; in these cases exposure should be kept as low as possible.
在过去几年中，发表了关于强静磁场的生物效应以及磁共振成像（MRI）中使用的高频电磁场的热效应的新研究。其中许多研究尚未纳入当前的安全建议中。
对2010年以来关于MRI中静磁场和电磁场生物效应的科学出版物进行了研究和评估。
新的研究证实了较早的出版物中已经描述的静磁场对感觉器官和中枢神经系统的影响，并伴有感觉知觉。一个新的结果是洛伦兹力对前庭系统半规管中离子电流的直接影响。最近对高频电磁场热效应的研究集中在构建解剖学上逼真的人体模型以及更精确地模拟暴露场景。
强静磁场可能会引起不适，尤其是眩晕。此外，它们会影响医护人员的操作，从而可能危及患者安全。作为预防措施，医护人员应在磁场梯度范围内缓慢移动。高频电磁场会导致患者组织和器官温度升高。对于体温调节受限的患者、孕妇和新生儿尤其应考虑这一点；在这些情况下，应尽量降低暴露水平。
