Gräf K J, El Etreby M F
Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1979;222:1-34.
On the basis of the results of investigations from systemic tolerance tests (and carcinogenicity studies), an attempt is made to evaluate the effects of various progestagens, oestrogens and progestagen-oestrogen combinations on the mammary gland of the dog. The interpretation of such effects in the dog and its relevance in predicting a tumorigenic effect of contraceptive steroids in man is discussed in the light of comparative endocrinology of reproduction. The induction of mammary gland tumours in dogs by certain progestagens or progestagen-oestrogen combinations must be considered as being a species-specific effect, related to the high hormonal potency (progestational activity) of these compounds in the dog and their stimulatory effect on canine growth hormone. Based on the present state of our knowledge and because of the marked interspecies differences of action of contraceptive steroids in dog and man, the steroid-related canine mammary tumours, especially with regard to the doses necessary for contraception, are unlikely to be indicative of a potential hazard to the human female.
基于全身耐受性试验（和致癌性研究）的调查结果，我们尝试评估各种孕激素、雌激素以及孕激素 - 雌激素组合对犬乳腺的影响。结合生殖比较内分泌学，讨论了在犬身上观察到的这些影响及其在预测避孕类固醇对人类致癌作用方面的相关性。某些孕激素或孕激素 - 雌激素组合在犬身上诱发乳腺肿瘤，必须被视为一种物种特异性效应，这与这些化合物在犬体内的高激素活性（孕激素活性）及其对犬生长激素的刺激作用有关。根据我们目前的知识水平，由于避孕类固醇在犬和人类身上的作用存在显著的种间差异，与类固醇相关的犬乳腺肿瘤，尤其是就避孕所需剂量而言，并不能表明对人类女性有潜在危害。
