School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
New Phytol. 2017 Jul;215(2):906-917. doi: 10.1111/nph.14604. Epub 2017 May 30.
The goal of biological measurement is to capture underlying biological phenomena in numerical form. The reciprocity index applied to heterostylous flowers is meant to measure the degree of correspondence between fertile parts of opposite sex on complementary (inter-compatible) morphs, reflecting the correspondence of locations of pollen placement on, and stigma contact with, pollinators. Pollen of typical heterostylous flowers can achieve unimpeded fertilization only on opposite-morph flowers. Thus, the implicit goal of this measurement is to assess the likelihood of 'legitimate' pollinations between compatible morphs, and hence reproductive fitness. Previous reciprocity metrics fall short of this goal on both empirical and theoretical grounds. We propose a new measure of reciprocity based on theory that relates floral morphology to reproductive fitness. This method establishes a scale based on adaptive inaccuracy, a measure of the fitness cost of the deviation of phenotypes in a population from the optimal phenotype. Inaccuracy allows the estimation of independent contributions of maladaptive bias (mean departure from optimum) and imprecision (within-population variance) to the phenotypic mismatch (inaccuracy) of heterostylous morphs on a common scale. We illustrate this measure using data from three species of Primula (Primulaceae).
生物测量的目的是用数字形式捕捉潜在的生物现象。应用于异型花柱花的互反指数旨在衡量异性可育部分在互补（互交相容）形态上的对应程度，反映了花粉在传粉者上的放置位置和柱头与传粉者接触的对应程度。典型异型花柱花的花粉只有在异型花上才能不受阻碍地受精。因此，这种测量的隐含目标是评估相容形态之间“合法”授粉的可能性，从而评估繁殖适应性。以前的互反度量在经验和理论上都没有达到这个目标。我们提出了一种新的基于理论的互反性度量方法，该方法将花的形态与繁殖适应性联系起来。这种方法基于适应性不准确性建立了一个尺度，这是衡量种群中表型偏离最优表型的适应成本的一种衡量标准。不准确性允许在共同尺度上估计适应不良偏差（偏离最优值的平均值）和不精确性（种群内方差）对异型花柱形态的表型不匹配（不准确性）的独立贡献。我们使用报春花属（报春花科）三个物种的数据来说明这一衡量标准。
