Cognitive-Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.
Psychol Assess. 2018 Apr;30(4):512-523. doi: 10.1037/pas0000498. Epub 2017 May 29.
According to attachment theory, the main goal of the caregiving behavioral system is to relieve others' distress and promote their health and welfare. This is accomplished through a set of caregiving behaviors that are the primary strategy of this system. However, some individuals develop nonoptimal or secondary strategies (hyperactivation or deactivation). The Caregiving System Scale (CSS) is a self-report measure that assesses these nonoptimal caregiving strategies. This study examined the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the CSS using a bifactor model and a 2-factor correlated model; it also examined validity evidence for CSS scores in relation to other relevant variables. The sample comprised 417 women from the general population who completed the CSS, with a subsample of 124 women completing additional measures of attachment, mental representations of caregiving, compassion, and difficulties in emotional regulation. The bifactor model showed the best fit to the data, supporting an orthogonal and reliable 2-factor structure (Hyperactivation and Deactivation). This model also suggested that the Hyperactivation scale is multidimensional. With regard to the validity evidence for the CSS, the results showed that individuals engaged in volunteering activities presented lower levels of deactivation than those who were not engaged in these activities. The CSS scores also correlated as expected with the other measures. In conclusion, this study supports the utilization of Deactivation and Hyperactivation subscales as 2 statistically distinct constructs and demonstrates that the Portuguese version is an adequate measure of nonoptimal caregiving strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record
根据依附理论，照料行为系统的主要目标是减轻他人的痛苦，促进他们的健康和福利。这是通过一系列的照料行为来实现的，这些行为是该系统的主要策略。然而，一些个体发展出非最优或次要的策略（过度激活或失活）。照料系统量表（CSS）是一种自我报告的衡量工具，用于评估这些非最优的照料策略。本研究使用双因素模型和两因素相关模型，检验了 CSS 葡萄牙语版本的因素结构；还检验了 CSS 评分与其他相关变量之间的有效性证据。样本由来自普通人群的 417 名女性组成，她们完成了 CSS 量表，其中 124 名女性的亚样本完成了额外的依恋、照料心理表征、同情心和情绪调节困难的测量。双因素模型最符合数据，支持正交和可靠的两因素结构（过度激活和失活）。该模型还表明，过度激活量表是多维的。关于 CSS 的有效性证据，结果表明，参与志愿活动的个体的失活水平低于不参与这些活动的个体。CSS 评分也与其他测量结果预期相关。总之，本研究支持将失活和过度激活分量表作为 2 个统计学上不同的结构来使用，并表明葡萄牙语版本是评估非最优照料策略的适当工具。
