Foster Jeffrey L, Harrison Tyler L, Hicks Kenny L, Draheim Christopher, Redick Thomas S, Engle Randall W
School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University.
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Nov;43(11):1677-1689. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000426. Epub 2017 May 29.
There is a debate about the ability to improve cognitive abilities such as fluid intelligence through training on tasks of working memory capacity. The question addressed in the research presented here is who benefits the most from training: people with low cognitive ability or people with high cognitive ability? Subjects with high and low working memory capacity completed a 23-session study that included 3 assessment sessions, and 20 sessions of training on 1 of 3 training regiments: complex span training, running span training, or an active-control task. Consistent with other research, the authors found that training on 1 executive function did not transfer to ability on a different cognitive ability. High working memory subjects showed the largest gains on the training tasks themselves relative to the low working memory subjects-a finding that suggests high spans benefit more than low spans from training with executive function tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record
关于通过工作记忆容量任务训练来提高诸如流体智力等认知能力的可能性存在一场争论。此处呈现的研究中所探讨的问题是：谁从训练中获益最大，是认知能力低的人还是认知能力高的人？具有高工作记忆容量和低工作记忆容量的受试者完成了一项为期23节的研究，其中包括3节评估课，以及在以下3种训练方案之一上进行的20节训练课：复杂广度训练、连续广度训练或一项主动控制任务。与其他研究一致，作者发现对一种执行功能的训练并不能迁移到不同的认知能力上。相对于低工作记忆容量的受试者，高工作记忆容量的受试者在训练任务本身中表现出了最大的进步——这一发现表明，在执行功能任务训练中，高广度比低广度受益更多。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
