Rim Hye Bin
Department of Industrial Psychology, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea.
Psychol Rep. 2017 Jun;120(3):460-474. doi: 10.1177/0033294117697086. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Previous research on risky decisions has suggested that people tend to make different choices depending on whether they acquire the information from personally repeated experiences or from statistical summary descriptions. This phenomenon, called as a description-experience gap, was expected to be moderated by the individual difference in maximizing tendencies, a desire towards maximizing decisional outcome. Specifically, it was hypothesized that maximizers' willingness to engage in extensive information searching would lead maximizers to make experience-based decisions as payoff distributions were given explicitly. A total of 262 participants completed four decision problems. Results showed that maximizers, compared to non-maximizers, drew more samples before making a choice but reported lower confidence levels on both the accuracy of knowledge gained from experiences and the likelihood of satisfactory outcomes. Additionally, maximizers exhibited smaller description-experience gaps than non-maximizers as expected. The implications of the findings and unanswered questions for future research were discussed.
先前关于风险决策的研究表明，人们倾向于根据自己是从个人反复经历中获取信息还是从统计摘要描述中获取信息而做出不同的选择。这种现象被称为描述-经验差距，预计会受到最大化倾向（即对最大化决策结果的渴望）方面个体差异的调节。具体而言，研究假设，由于明确给出了收益分布，最大化者愿意进行广泛信息搜索的意愿会促使他们做出基于经验的决策。共有262名参与者完成了四个决策问题。结果表明，与非最大化者相比，最大化者在做出选择前抽取了更多样本，但对从经验中获得的知识的准确性以及获得满意结果的可能性的信心水平较低。此外，正如预期的那样，最大化者比非最大化者表现出更小的描述-经验差距。文中讨论了研究结果的意义以及未来研究中未解决的问题。
