Belanger Janelle M, Bellumori Thomas P, Bannasch Danika L, Famula Thomas R, Oberbauer Anita M
Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Canine Genet Epidemiol. 2017 May 26;4:6. doi: 10.1186/s40575-017-0044-6. eCollection 2017.
Gonadectomy, or neutering, is a very common surgery for dogs having many positive effects on behavior, health, and longevity. There are also certain risks associated with neutering including the development of orthopedic conditions, cognitive decline, and a predisposition to some neoplasias. This study was designed specifically to identify if a correlation exists between neuter status and inherited conditions in a large aggregate cohort of dogs representing many different breeds.
Neutered dogs were at less risk for early and congenital conditions (aortic stenosis, early onset cataracts, mitral valve disease, patent ductus arteriosus, portosystemic shunt, and ventricular septal defect) than intact dogs. Neutering was also associated with reduced risk of dilated cardiomyopathy and gastric dilatation volvulus in males. Neutering was significantly associated with an increased risk for males and females for cancers (hemangiosarcoma, hyperadrenocorticism, lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and osteosarcoma), ruptured anterior cruciate ligament and epilepsy. Intervertebral disk disease was associated with increased risk in females only. For elbow dysplasia, hip dysplasia, lens luxation, and patellar luxation neutering had no significant effect on the risk for those conditions. Neutering was associated with a reduced risk of vehicular injury, a condition chosen as a control.
In this retrospective study, several conditions showed an increased risk associated with neutering whereas other conditions were less likely to be expressed in neutered dogs. The complexity of the interactions between neutering and inherited conditions underscores the need for reflective consultation between the client and the clinician when considering neutering. The convenience and advantages of neutering dogs that will not be included in a breeding program must be weighed against possible risk associated with neutering.
去势手术，即绝育，是一种非常常见的犬类手术，对行为、健康和寿命有许多积极影响。绝育也存在某些风险，包括骨科疾病的发生、认知能力下降以及对某些肿瘤的易感性。本研究专门设计用于确定在代表许多不同品种的大型犬类总体队列中，绝育状态与遗传疾病之间是否存在相关性。
与未绝育的犬相比，绝育的犬患早期和先天性疾病（主动脉狭窄、早发性白内障、二尖瓣疾病、动脉导管未闭、门体分流和室间隔缺损）的风险更低。绝育还与雄性犬扩张型心肌病和胃扩张扭转风险降低有关。绝育与雄性和雌性患癌症（血管肉瘤、肾上腺皮质功能亢进、淋巴瘤、肥大细胞瘤和骨肉瘤）、前交叉韧带断裂和癫痫的风险显著增加有关。椎间盘疾病仅与雌性犬风险增加有关。对于肘关节发育不良、髋关节发育不良、晶状体脱位和髌骨脱位，绝育对这些疾病的风险没有显著影响。绝育与车辆伤害风险降低有关，车辆伤害被选为对照情况。
在这项回顾性研究中，几种疾病显示出与绝育相关的风险增加，而其他疾病在绝育犬中不太可能出现。绝育与遗传疾病之间相互作用的复杂性强调了在考虑绝育时，客户与临床医生进行深思熟虑的咨询的必要性。对于不参与繁殖计划的犬进行绝育的便利性和优势必须与绝育可能带来的风险相权衡。
