Komatsubara Kimberly M, Jeter Joanne, Carvajal Richard D, Margolin Kim, Schadendorf Dirk, Hauschild Axel
From the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2017;37:641-650. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_175265.
Cutaneous malignancies make up the greatest proportion of all human cancers and include melanomas as well as nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), as well as less common Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), cutaneous lymphomas, cutaneous adnexal tumors, Kaposi sarcomas, and other sarcomas. Each of these NMSCs differ significantly in biology, clinical behavior, and optimal treatment recommendations from each other and from cutaneous melanoma. Similarly, less common extracutaneous melanomas, such as mucosal (MMs) and uveal (UMs), are unique biologic and clinical entities that require distinct diagnostic and management considerations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in biology and treatment of extracutaneous melanomas and NMSCs, including MMs, UMs, cSCC, BCC, and MCC.
皮肤恶性肿瘤在所有人类癌症中占比最大，包括黑色素瘤以及非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC），如基底细胞癌（BCC）和皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC），还有不太常见的默克尔细胞癌（MCC）、皮肤淋巴瘤、皮肤附属器肿瘤、卡波西肉瘤和其他肉瘤。这些非黑色素瘤皮肤癌中的每一种在生物学、临床行为以及最佳治疗建议方面，彼此之间以及与皮肤黑色素瘤都有显著差异。同样，不太常见的皮肤外黑色素瘤，如黏膜黑色素瘤（MM）和葡萄膜黑色素瘤（UM），是独特的生物学和临床实体，需要不同的诊断和管理考量。在本综述中，我们总结了皮肤外黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（包括黏膜黑色素瘤、葡萄膜黑色素瘤、皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌和默克尔细胞癌）在生物学和治疗方面的最新进展。
