一种反捕食者反应规范的进化生态学：蚤状溞和美洲大蚊。

THE EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF AN ANTIPREDATOR REACTION NORM: DAPHNIA PULEX AND CHAOBORUS AMERICANUS.

作者信息

Parejko Ken, Dodson Stanley I

机构信息

Department of Biology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, 48604, USA.

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

出版信息

Evolution. 1991 Nov;45(7):1665-1674. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02671.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02671.x

PMID:28564128

Abstract

Ponds containing the parthenogenetic zooplankter Daphnia pulex with and without chaoborid predators were sampled over the course of a season. A significant (P < 0.05) Spearman rank correlation was found between predator density and the expression of an antipredator defense (neckteeth) by the Daphnia. The reaction norms (percent induction of a single genotype versus predator density) of clones isolated from predator-free and predator-rich habitats were determined in a laboratory setting. There was a statistically significant different response among the six clones tested (P < 0.05). Clones isolated from chaoborid ponds showed significantly greater sensitivity to the presence of predator than clones from predator-free ponds (P < 0.05). In the laboratory, food levels under which prey were cultured affected induction of the antipredator response. Highest induction was found at the lowest food level used.

摘要

在一个季节的过程中，对含有孤雌生殖浮游动物蚤状溞且有无幽蚊捕食者的池塘进行了采样。发现捕食者密度与蚤状溞的一种反捕食防御（颈齿）的表达之间存在显著（P < 0.05）的斯皮尔曼等级相关性。在实验室环境中确定了从无捕食者和捕食者丰富的栖息地分离出的克隆的反应规范（单个基因型的诱导百分比与捕食者密度）。在所测试的六个克隆之间存在统计学上显著的不同反应（P < 0.05）。从幽蚊池塘分离出的克隆对捕食者存在的敏感性明显高于无捕食者池塘的克隆（P < 0.05）。在实验室中，培养猎物时的食物水平影响反捕食反应的诱导。在所使用的最低食物水平下发现诱导程度最高。